CAJ | 학술논문

最近几十年的全球升温和城市化导致了城市地区热环境的持续恶化。由于建筑物密集、绿化少、人口多等原因，城中村的热环境恶化现象更为明显。近年来对城中村的热环境问题的研究，以定性讨论的多，定量的研究少，其主要原因是缺乏系统的观测数据。以地处亚热带的特大城市深圳市为例，选取平山村及绿地为研究对象，通过一年的运动样带观测，分析对比了晴天和极端高温条件下城中村和绿地的热环境特征、热岛强度和热环境舒适度，探讨了影响城中村热环境的主要因素。结果表明：深圳城中村热岛效应明显，月份间的热岛强度关系为：降雨量少的月份热岛更强；一天中各时段的热岛强度变化特征为：热岛强度在日落之后逐渐加强，在20：00至24：00间达到最大值，在午夜后逐渐减弱，最强热岛强度出现于2月份的20：00时，达3.95℃。5月至9月深圳的热环境特征为炎热潮湿，热环境极不舒适，城中村与绿地夜间温湿指数差异明显，城中村较绿地热环境不舒适性增加一个等级，夜间为城中村居民室外活动最为频繁的时候，因而对城中村居民带来不舒适的直接感受，进入后半夜之后会进而影响居民的休息，增加空调等的使用，高极端高温天气条件下，城中村与绿地的热环境较普通夏季平均值更为不舒适，容易引发中暑等危害。城中村人工下垫面较自然下垫面占比大，改变原有的水热平衡且引入更多的人为热排放，是引起热岛效应及热环境不舒适的主要原因。这些研究结果可以为城市规划设计提供理论依据。
최근궤십년적전구승온화성시화도치료성시지구열배경적지속악화。유우건축물밀집、녹화소、인구다등원인，성중촌적열배경악화현상경위명현。근년래대성중촌적열배경문제적연구，이정성토론적다，정량적연구소，기주요원인시결핍계통적관측수거。이지처아열대적특대성시심수시위례，선취평산촌급록지위연구대상，통과일년적운동양대관측，분석대비료청천화겁단고온조건하성중촌화록지적열배경특정、열도강도화열배경서괄도，탐토료영향성중촌열배경적주요인소。결과표명：심수성중촌열도효응명현，월빈간적열도강도관계위：강우량소적월빈열도경강；일천중각시단적열도강도변화특정위：열도강도재일락지후축점가강，재20：00지24：00간체도최대치，재오야후축점감약，최강열도강도출현우2월빈적20：00시，체3.95℃。5월지9월심수적열배경특정위염열조습，열배경겁불서괄，성중촌여록지야간온습지수차이명현，성중촌교록지열배경불서괄성증가일개등급，야간위성중촌거민실외활동최위빈번적시후，인이대성중촌거민대래불서괄적직접감수，진입후반야지후회진이영향거민적휴식，증가공조등적사용，고겁단고온천기조건하，성중촌여록지적열배경교보통하계평균치경위불서괄，용역인발중서등위해。성중촌인공하점면교자연하점면점비대，개변원유적수열평형차인입경다적인위열배방，시인기열도효응급열배경불서괄적주요원인。저사연구결과가이위성시규화설계제공이론의거。
Climate change and urbanization lead to worse thermal environment in urban area. Urban village is an endemism in China, with dense buildings and few vegetation, resulting in terrible thermal environment. The research focuses on Pingshan Village of Shenzhen, a typical urban village in Pearl River Delta Region. According to air temperature and relative humidity data obtained by mobile traverses from November 2011 to October 2012, the research analyzed the characteristic of urban heat island intensities in fine weather days, extreme hot days, together with thermal comfort index of urban village comparing to those of green space. Shenzhen was affected by tropical monsoon climate of South Asia, with summertime lasting for half a year, with highest air temperature of 30℃ and highest relative humidity of 90%. The results showed that urban heat island intensities during dry months were stronger than those of wet months. Urban heat island intensity of urban village usually increased after sunset and decreased after midnight, with highest value occurred in the time between 20:00 and 24:00, reaching 3.95℃ at 20:00 of February. Shenzhen experiences summertime from May to September, with hot and humid weather. During this period of time, the Average urban heat island intensity was 1.71℃ from 18:00 to 24:00, when residents returned to urban village, making an uncomfortable environment for them. Moreover, the research calculated thermal humidity index (THI) to figure out the differences of thermal environment situation between urban village and green space. The thermal environment was terrible during June to August of both areas, while THI of urban village was higher than reference green space, meaning worse thermal environment, especially during nighttime. The thermal environment got worse during extremely hot days in urban village, leading to higher urban heat island intensities and higher THI, resulting in more terrible thermal environment. The terrible thermal environment of urban village was ascribed to changing of underlying surface from natural land to artificial land, leading to changes of heat balance and water balance.