CAJ | 학술논문

为了解广东省丰顺县尖笔岽铅锌矿周边土壤中重金属含量及其潜在生态风险，采用野外采样及实验室测定分析的方法，以矿山周边4个片区表层土壤（0~20 cm）为研究对象，测定了土壤中Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd、Cr和As含量，分别采用单因子评价、综合指数法评价、Hakanson潜在生态风险评价和健康风险评价以评价土壤的重金属水平和潜在生态风险，结果表明：在目前尚未开采的状况下，该矿区周边土壤已存在一定的重金属污染，4个研究片区大部分土壤样品 Pb（平均值为106.77 mg·kg-1）、Cd（平均值为0.27 mg·kg-1）、Zn（平均值为55.75 mg·kg-1）质量分数均超过广东省背景值；污染指数显示主要以Pb（极大值4.57）、Cd（极大值2.98）、Zn（极大值1.41）污染为主；综合指数法评价表明老虎隔水稻田片区土壤达到重度污染水平，综合污染指数达到3.47，同时片区土壤达到中度污染水平的土壤样品数目占总样品数的51.02%；而Hakanson潜在生态风险评价表明该矿区潜在生态风险处于低程度，4个片区潜在生态风险指数（RI）均未超过150，平均值为110.67，这与该矿尚未开采，暂受到人类活动影响较小有关，土壤中6种重金属的潜在生态危害性顺序大体为Cd>Pb>As>Cu>Zn>Cr，其中Cd（贡献率达73.65%~79.67%）、Pb（贡献率达10.24%~18.83%）是主要的生态风险贡献因子；健康风险评价也表明该矿区重金属非致癌、致癌风险处于可接受范围内，4个研究片区非致癌风险值及总重金属非致癌风险值之和均小于1，6种重金属3种暴露途径均体现出口腔摄入>皮肤摄入>呼吸摄入，非致癌风险值大小顺序为Pb>As>Cu>Zn>Cd>Cr。综上所述，该拟开采矿区周边土壤受到一定的重金属污染，潜在生态风险处于低程度，健康风险处于可接受范围内，这与开采多年的铅锌矿周边土壤重金属污染情况大不相同，该拟开采铅锌矿在其后续的开采、选矿活动中，应高度重视重金属污染的研究和防治，采取合理措施，防止加剧周边土壤的重金属累积。為瞭解廣東省豐順縣尖筆崠鉛鋅礦週邊土壤中重金屬含量及其潛在生態風險，採用野外採樣及實驗室測定分析的方法，以礦山週邊4箇片區錶層土壤（0~20 cm）為研究對象，測定瞭土壤中Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd、Cr和As含量，分彆採用單因子評價、綜閤指數法評價、Hakanson潛在生態風險評價和健康風險評價以評價土壤的重金屬水平和潛在生態風險，結果錶明：在目前尚未開採的狀況下，該礦區週邊土壤已存在一定的重金屬汙染，4箇研究片區大部分土壤樣品 Pb（平均值為106.77 mg·kg-1）、Cd（平均值為0.27 mg·kg-1）、Zn（平均值為55.75 mg·kg-1）質量分數均超過廣東省揹景值；汙染指數顯示主要以Pb（極大值4.57）、Cd（極大值2.98）、Zn（極大值1.41）汙染為主；綜閤指數法評價錶明老虎隔水稻田片區土壤達到重度汙染水平，綜閤汙染指數達到3.47，同時片區土壤達到中度汙染水平的土壤樣品數目佔總樣品數的51.02%；而Hakanson潛在生態風險評價錶明該礦區潛在生態風險處于低程度，4箇片區潛在生態風險指數（RI）均未超過150，平均值為110.67，這與該礦尚未開採，暫受到人類活動影響較小有關，土壤中6種重金屬的潛在生態危害性順序大體為Cd>Pb>As>Cu>Zn>Cr，其中Cd（貢獻率達73.65%~79.67%）、Pb（貢獻率達10.24%~18.83%）是主要的生態風險貢獻因子；健康風險評價也錶明該礦區重金屬非緻癌、緻癌風險處于可接受範圍內，4箇研究片區非緻癌風險值及總重金屬非緻癌風險值之和均小于1，6種重金屬3種暴露途徑均體現齣口腔攝入>皮膚攝入>呼吸攝入，非緻癌風險值大小順序為Pb>As>Cu>Zn>Cd>Cr。綜上所述，該擬開採礦區週邊土壤受到一定的重金屬汙染，潛在生態風險處于低程度，健康風險處于可接受範圍內，這與開採多年的鉛鋅礦週邊土壤重金屬汙染情況大不相同，該擬開採鉛鋅礦在其後續的開採、選礦活動中，應高度重視重金屬汙染的研究和防治，採取閤理措施，防止加劇週邊土壤的重金屬纍積。
위료해광동성봉순현첨필동연자광주변토양중중금속함량급기잠재생태풍험，채용야외채양급실험실측정분석적방법，이광산주변4개편구표층토양（0~20 cm）위연구대상，측정료토양중Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd、Cr화As함량，분별채용단인자평개、종합지수법평개、Hakanson잠재생태풍험평개화건강풍험평개이평개토양적중금속수평화잠재생태풍험，결과표명：재목전상미개채적상황하，해광구주변토양이존재일정적중금속오염，4개연구편구대부분토양양품 Pb（평균치위106.77 mg·kg-1）、Cd（평균치위0.27 mg·kg-1）、Zn（평균치위55.75 mg·kg-1）질량분수균초과광동성배경치；오염지수현시주요이Pb（겁대치4.57）、Cd（겁대치2.98）、Zn（겁대치1.41）오염위주；종합지수법평개표명로호격수도전편구토양체도중도오염수평，종합오염지수체도3.47，동시편구토양체도중도오염수평적토양양품수목점총양품수적51.02%；이Hakanson잠재생태풍험평개표명해광구잠재생태풍험처우저정도，4개편구잠재생태풍험지수（RI）균미초과150，평균치위110.67，저여해광상미개채，잠수도인류활동영향교소유관，토양중6충중금속적잠재생태위해성순서대체위Cd>Pb>As>Cu>Zn>Cr，기중Cd（공헌솔체73.65%~79.67%）、Pb（공헌솔체10.24%~18.83%）시주요적생태풍험공헌인자；건강풍험평개야표명해광구중금속비치암、치암풍험처우가접수범위내，4개연구편구비치암풍험치급총중금속비치암풍험치지화균소우1，6충중금속3충폭로도경균체현출구강섭입>피부섭입>호흡섭입，비치암풍험치대소순서위Pb>As>Cu>Zn>Cd>Cr。종상소술，해의개채광구주변토양수도일정적중금속오염，잠재생태풍험처우저정도，건강풍험처우가접수범위내，저여개채다년적연자광주변토양중금속오염정황대불상동，해의개채연자광재기후속적개채、선광활동중，응고도중시중금속오염적연구화방치，채취합리조시，방지가극주변토양적중금속루적。
In order to comprehand the content and potential ecological risk of haavy metals in the surrounding soil of Jianbidong lead-zinc mining in Fengshun Guangdong, adopting the methods of field sampling and laboratory analysis test, regarding four different surface soil areas as analyzing case studies, the heavy metal contents (Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd、Cr、As) of the surrounding surface soil from the lead-zinc mining were determined.The analyzing methodologies include single factor evaluation, Nemerow comprehensive index method, evaluation of Hakanson potential ecological risk assessment and health risk assessment so that to assess the level and potential ecological risk of heavy metals from the soil. The result shows that: under the undeveloped situation of this lead-zinc mining, the soil around the mining area has occourred somewhat pollution of heavy metals, and most of the soil samples with Pb(average of 106.77 mg·kg-1), Cd(average of 0.27 mg·kg-1), Zn(average 55.75 mg·kg-1) from the four research areas were over the background value of Guangdong Province;The polluted index shows Pb(maximum value of 4.57), Cd(maximum value of 2.98), Zn(maximum value of 1.41) pollutions are the most common;Comprehensive index shows polluted degree of the soil of Laohuge paddy field area is the most serious and the value is accounting 3.47. Meanwhile, the number of the soil samples which have medium degree of pollution is equal 51.02% of the number of the whole;While the Hakanson potential ecological risk assessment indicated that the mining potential ecological risk at low level, the four area of potential ecological risk index (RI) was less than 150, the average value was 110.67, probably due to the fact that the mine area were still undeveloped, and influence of human activities is relatively weak,the potential ecological harm order of six kinds of heavy metals in the soil roughly was Cd>Pb>As>Cu>Zn>Cr, Cd (the contribution rate of 73.65%~79.67%) and Pb (the contribution rate of 10.24%~18.83%) were the main contribution of ecological risk factors; Health risk assessment of heavy metals also show that the non cancer, cancer risk is acceptable, four research area of non carcinogenic risk value and total heavy metal non carcinogenic risk and value are all less than 1, six kinds of heavy metals in three routes of exposure are embodied in the oral intake of > the skin intake of > the breath intake of, non carcinogenic risk value the size of the order of Pb>As>Cu>Zn>Cd>Cr.In summary, the fitting soil around the mining areas is sufferred from heavymetals pollution. The potential ecological risk is at a low level. The health risk is within the acceptable range, which is not similar to other recent lead-zinc mining area. In the following function of that area, research and prevention of heavy metal pollution should be paid more attention, and reasonable measures should be taken in order to prevent the intensification of the surrounding soil accumulation of heavy metals.