中国地质
中國地質
중국지질
CHINESE GEOLOGY
2015年
2期
365-378
,共14页
碰撞作用%远程效应%构造-成矿作用%天山-阿尔泰地区,古生代
踫撞作用%遠程效應%構造-成礦作用%天山-阿爾泰地區,古生代
팽당작용%원정효응%구조-성광작용%천산-아이태지구,고생대
tectono-metallogeny%collision%long distance effect%Tianshan-Altay area%Paleozoic
提天山—阿尔泰地区古生代大地构造及其相关的内生金属成矿作用是一个重要而又有趣的研究课题。阿尔泰地区属于早古生代碰撞带，天山地区属于晚古生代早期（晚泥盆世—早石炭世，385~323 Ma）碰撞带，均为区域性近南北向(按现代磁方位)缩短-碰撞作用的结果。在晚泥盆世—早石炭世碰撞作用下，阿尔泰地区近NW向区域性断层呈现为右行走滑的特征，天山地区近东西向的区域性断层表现为逆断层的活动。然而，在晚石炭世—二叠纪（323~260 Ma）受乌拉尔碰撞带向东挤压作用的远程效应影响，该地区受到较弱的向东挤压作用，阿尔泰地区NW向断层转变成左行走滑断层，天山地区近东西向的断层则转为右行走滑断层，使该区岩石发生适度的破碎，以致在天山—阿尔泰地区形成大量世界著名的大型内生金属矿床。对于亚洲大陆来说，碰撞作用最强烈的时期并不一定是内生金属成矿作用最有利的阶段。应该审慎地对待“造山带成矿”假说。
提天山—阿爾泰地區古生代大地構造及其相關的內生金屬成礦作用是一箇重要而又有趣的研究課題。阿爾泰地區屬于早古生代踫撞帶，天山地區屬于晚古生代早期（晚泥盆世—早石炭世，385~323 Ma）踫撞帶，均為區域性近南北嚮(按現代磁方位)縮短-踫撞作用的結果。在晚泥盆世—早石炭世踫撞作用下，阿爾泰地區近NW嚮區域性斷層呈現為右行走滑的特徵，天山地區近東西嚮的區域性斷層錶現為逆斷層的活動。然而，在晚石炭世—二疊紀（323~260 Ma）受烏拉爾踫撞帶嚮東擠壓作用的遠程效應影響，該地區受到較弱的嚮東擠壓作用，阿爾泰地區NW嚮斷層轉變成左行走滑斷層，天山地區近東西嚮的斷層則轉為右行走滑斷層，使該區巖石髮生適度的破碎，以緻在天山—阿爾泰地區形成大量世界著名的大型內生金屬礦床。對于亞洲大陸來說，踫撞作用最彊烈的時期併不一定是內生金屬成礦作用最有利的階段。應該審慎地對待“造山帶成礦”假說。
제천산—아이태지구고생대대지구조급기상관적내생금속성광작용시일개중요이우유취적연구과제。아이태지구속우조고생대팽당대，천산지구속우만고생대조기（만니분세—조석탄세，385~323 Ma）팽당대，균위구역성근남북향(안현대자방위)축단-팽당작용적결과。재만니분세—조석탄세팽당작용하，아이태지구근NW향구역성단층정현위우행주활적특정，천산지구근동서향적구역성단층표현위역단층적활동。연이，재만석탄세—이첩기（323~260 Ma）수오랍이팽당대향동제압작용적원정효응영향，해지구수도교약적향동제압작용，아이태지구NW향단층전변성좌행주활단층，천산지구근동서향적단층칙전위우행주활단층，사해구암석발생괄도적파쇄，이치재천산—아이태지구형성대량세계저명적대형내생금속광상。대우아주대륙래설，팽당작용최강렬적시기병불일정시내생금속성광작용최유리적계단。응해심신지대대“조산대성광”가설。
Paleozoic tectonics and endogenic metallogeny in Tianshan-Altay area of Central Asia constitute an important research topic in geology. The Altay area, as a collision zone of the Early Paleozoic (500-397 Ma), and the Tianshan region, as a collision zone of the early period in Late Paleozoic (Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous, 385-323 Ma), resulted from nearly NS-trending shortening and collision(according to recent magnetic orientation). In the Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous (385-323 Ma), regional NW-trending faults exhibited features of the dextral strike-slip motion in Altay area and Junggar basin. In the Tianshan area, however, nearly EW-trending regional faults caused motions of the thrusts, thus belonging to the collision period of the Tianshan Mountains. However, in the Late Carboniferous-Permian (323-260 Ma), these areas suffered from weaker eastward compression, influenced by the long-distance effect of the Ural collision zone, which converted existent NW-trending faults into sinistral strike-slip in Altay and Junggar areas, and also converted existent nearly EW-trending faults into dextral strike-slip in Tianshan area. The rocks of that area in the Late Carboniferous-Permian period were moderately ruptured into a certain tension-shear form, thus forming a number of world-famous giant endogenic metal ore deposits in Tianshan-Altay area. As to the Central Asian continent, the most powerful collision period may not coincide with the most favorable endogenic metallogenic period. Therefore the“orogenic metallogeny hypothesis”should be treated with caution in that area.
