贵州农业科学
貴州農業科學
귀주농업과학
GUIZHOU AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
2015年
4期
48-53
,共6页
半夏块茎提取液%十字花科植物%化感效应%蔬菜
半夏塊莖提取液%十字花科植物%化感效應%蔬菜
반하괴경제취액%십자화과식물%화감효응%소채
Pinellia ternata tuber extracts (PTE)%Brassicaceous vegetable%allelopathic effect%vegeable
为探讨半夏块茎提取液（Pinellia ternata tuber extracts，PTE）对萝卜、小白菜和大白菜种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感效应，减轻危害，提高土地生产力，采用培养试验法，用不同浓度的 PTE 处理萝卜、小白菜和大白菜种子和幼苗，观察种子萌发和幼苗生长状况，并测定相关生理指标。结果表明：低浓度的 PTE对种子发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数和种子膜透性并无显著影响，但随处理浓度的提高，种子的膜透性增强，萌发受到抑制。用20 mg／L PTE 浸种，种子发芽率分别比对照降低32．8％（萝卜）、29．5％（小白菜）和29．1％（大白菜）。且3种十字花科植物种子中的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量均显著低于对照；低浓度的PTE 处理萝卜、小白菜和大白菜幼苗，幼苗硝酸还原酶活性和叶绿素含量无显著变化，但高浓度的 PTE 则产生显著的抑制作用，并阻碍胚乳中营养物质的合成与积累。因此，大量存在于土壤的半夏根系分泌物及植株残体腐解所释放的化感物质会抑制十字花科作物种子发芽和幼苗生长。在集约化种植半夏的土壤中，这种抑制作用可造成后季作物大幅度减产绝收。
為探討半夏塊莖提取液（Pinellia ternata tuber extracts，PTE）對蘿蔔、小白菜和大白菜種子萌髮和幼苗生長的化感效應，減輕危害，提高土地生產力，採用培養試驗法，用不同濃度的 PTE 處理蘿蔔、小白菜和大白菜種子和幼苗，觀察種子萌髮和幼苗生長狀況，併測定相關生理指標。結果錶明：低濃度的 PTE對種子髮芽率、髮芽指數、活力指數和種子膜透性併無顯著影響，但隨處理濃度的提高，種子的膜透性增彊，萌髮受到抑製。用20 mg／L PTE 浸種，種子髮芽率分彆比對照降低32．8％（蘿蔔）、29．5％（小白菜）和29．1％（大白菜）。且3種十字花科植物種子中的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白質含量均顯著低于對照；低濃度的PTE 處理蘿蔔、小白菜和大白菜幼苗，幼苗硝痠還原酶活性和葉綠素含量無顯著變化，但高濃度的 PTE 則產生顯著的抑製作用，併阻礙胚乳中營養物質的閤成與積纍。因此，大量存在于土壤的半夏根繫分泌物及植株殘體腐解所釋放的化感物質會抑製十字花科作物種子髮芽和幼苗生長。在集約化種植半夏的土壤中，這種抑製作用可造成後季作物大幅度減產絕收。
위탐토반하괴경제취액（Pinellia ternata tuber extracts，PTE）대라복、소백채화대백채충자맹발화유묘생장적화감효응，감경위해，제고토지생산력，채용배양시험법，용불동농도적 PTE 처리라복、소백채화대백채충자화유묘，관찰충자맹발화유묘생장상황，병측정상관생리지표。결과표명：저농도적 PTE대충자발아솔、발아지수、활력지수화충자막투성병무현저영향，단수처리농도적제고，충자적막투성증강，맹발수도억제。용20 mg／L PTE 침충，충자발아솔분별비대조강저32．8％（라복）、29．5％（소백채）화29．1％（대백채）。차3충십자화과식물충자중적가용성당화가용성단백질함량균현저저우대조；저농도적PTE 처리라복、소백채화대백채유묘，유묘초산환원매활성화협록소함량무현저변화，단고농도적 PTE 칙산생현저적억제작용，병조애배유중영양물질적합성여적루。인차，대량존재우토양적반하근계분비물급식주잔체부해소석방적화감물질회억제십자화과작물충자발아화유묘생장。재집약화충식반하적토양중，저충억제작용가조성후계작물대폭도감산절수。
Seed germination,seedling growth and relative physiological indexes of Raphanus sativus , Brassica chinensis and Brassica pekinensis seeds treated with different PTE concentration were analyzed by using the culture testing method to study allelopathic effect of P .ternata tuber extracts (PTE)on seed germination and seedling growth of R.sativus,B.chinensis and B.pekinensis and to improve land productivity.The results showed that low PTE concentration has no obvious effects on seed germination rate,germination index,vigor index and seed membrane permeability but seed membrane permeability increases with increase of PTE concentration,which results in inhibition of seed germination.Seed germination rate of R.sativus,B.chinensis and B.pekinensis seeds treated with 20 mg/L PTE is 32.8%, 29.5% and 29.1% lower than CK,and their soluble sugar and soluble protein content are lower than CK significantly.The nitrate reductase activity and chlorophyll content of R.sativus,Brassica chinensis and B.pekinensis seedlings treated with low PTE concentration have no significant change but high PTE concentration has the inhibition effect on nitrate reductase activity and chlorophyll content of R.sativus, B.chinensis and B.pekinensis seedlings and inhibits synthesis and accumulation of nutrient substance in endosperm.In conclusion,P .ternate root exudates and allelochemicals released from residual P .ternate plants in soil can inhibit seed germination and seedling growth of P .ternate,and the inhibition effect may insult in yield decrease substantially or total failure of next crops in the soil of intensive P .ternata cultivation.
