CAJ | 학술논문

本文以河北省中南部平原农田表层土壤为研究对象，对表层土壤中7种重金属元素的形态含量进行了统计和分析，对重金属元素的生物有效性进行了评价，并运用相关分析法，对影响重金属元素生物有效性的因素进行了研究。结果表明，研究区表层土壤7种重金属元素的有效态含量以Cd最高，达36.83%，潜在生态危害性较大；其次为Pb，达13.37%，其中碳酸盐结合态达到12.38%，由于土壤呈中性或偏碱性，Pb元素的迁移能力较弱，其潜在危害性较小；Cu、Hg、Cr、As、Zn重金属元素含量均以稳定态的含量存在，之和均在90%以上，表明其潜在危害性较小；研究区土壤重金属元素的活性系数和迁移系数大小顺序为：Cd＞Pb＞Hg＞Cu＞Zn＞As＞Cr和Cd＞Hg＞As＞Cu＞Pb＞Zn＞Cr，其中Cd的活性系数和迁移系数平均值分别达到0.330和0.160，展现出较强的生物活性、不稳定性和迁移能力，其他重金属元素在土壤中活性系数（Pb除外）和迁移系数均较小，生物活性较弱，在土壤中稳定存在，由土壤中向植物中的迁移能力弱；研究区不同的重金属的生物有效性与其影响因素的关系不尽相同，其主要因素是土壤重金属元素全量，其次为pH、TOC、CEC、粘粒含量等，二者关系复杂。
본문이하북성중남부평원농전표층토양위연구대상，대표층토양중7충중금속원소적형태함량진행료통계화분석，대중금속원소적생물유효성진행료평개，병운용상관분석법，대영향중금속원소생물유효성적인소진행료연구。결과표명，연구구표층토양7충중금속원소적유효태함량이Cd최고，체36.83%，잠재생태위해성교대；기차위Pb，체13.37%，기중탄산염결합태체도12.38%，유우토양정중성혹편감성，Pb원소적천이능력교약，기잠재위해성교소；Cu、Hg、Cr、As、Zn중금속원소함량균이은정태적함량존재，지화균재90%이상，표명기잠재위해성교소；연구구토양중금속원소적활성계수화천이계수대소순서위：Cd＞Pb＞Hg＞Cu＞Zn＞As＞Cr화Cd＞Hg＞As＞Cu＞Pb＞Zn＞Cr，기중Cd적활성계수화천이계수평균치분별체도0.330화0.160，전현출교강적생물활성、불은정성화천이능력，기타중금속원소재토양중활성계수（Pb제외）화천이계수균교소，생물활성교약，재토양중은정존재，유토양중향식물중적천이능력약；연구구불동적중금속적생물유효성여기영향인소적관계불진상동，기주요인소시토양중금속원소전량，기차위pH、TOC、CEC、점립함량등，이자관계복잡。
Based on the study of topsoil of the central and southern plain in Hebei,the authors analyzed the morphology of seven heavy metals in topsoil,evaluated the biological availability of the heavy metal elements,and studied the factors which might affect the biological availability of heavy metal elements by means of correlation analysis. The results show that the content of element-available Cd is 36.83% in topsoil, the highest among all metal elements that have greater potential ecological harmfulness. The content of element-available and carbonate Pb is respectively 13.37% and 12.38%, suggesting smaller harmfulness because of neutral and alkaline soil in the study area. The total values of Cu, Hg, Cr, As, Zn that maintain stable state account for more than 90%, implying smaller harmfulness. The activity coefficients and migration coefficients of heavy metal elements in topsoil in the study area are respectively arranged in order of Cd>Pb>Hg>Cu>Zn>As>Cr and Cd>Hg>As>Cu>Pb>Zn>Cr, with the average of the Cd achieving respectively 0.330 and 0.160, implying a strong biological activity, instability and migration capability. Other soil heavy metals show smaller activity coefficients (except Pb) and migration coefficients,indicating that their biological activities are weak and it is difficult for them to transfer from soil to plants. The relationships between biological effectiveness and influential factors of various heavy metals are not the same;nevertheless, the dominant factor is the total amount of soil heavy metal elements, followed by pH, TOC, CEC, clay content and other factors. There exist complicated relations between them.