CAJ | 학술논문

驾驶员驾驶水平与追尾事故发生有着密切的关系。本文以交通流仿真模型中的优化速度模型为基础，考虑驾驶员的反应时间与操作失误率两方面因素，建立了一种追尾事故的微观仿真模型。随后针对由两台车辆组成的场景，通过仿真实验研究了车速、车距及驾驶技能对追尾事故发生率的影响。仿真结果表明，依据车速保持合理距离是防止事故发生最有效的手段，而反应延迟与操作失误率对事故发生都有影响，并具有不同的影响程度与影响形式，同时给出了对驾驶员驾驶水平要求的一些建议。本文结果对于人因交通事故机理研究及人因交通事故的预防有一定参考价值。
가사원가사수평여추미사고발생유착밀절적관계。본문이교통류방진모형중적우화속도모형위기출，고필가사원적반응시간여조작실오솔량방면인소，건립료일충추미사고적미관방진모형。수후침대유량태차량조성적장경，통과방진실험연구료차속、차거급가사기능대추미사고발생솔적영향。방진결과표명，의거차속보지합리거리시방지사고발생최유효적수단，이반응연지여조작실오솔대사고발생도유영향，병구유불동적영향정도여영향형식，동시급출료대가사원가사수평요구적일사건의。본문결과대우인인교통사고궤리연구급인인교통사고적예방유일정삼고개치。
Drivers' skill associates highly with the occurrences of traffic rear-end accidents. In this paper, a microscopic simulation model is developed for rear-end collision simulation by adding reaction delay and operational error into the classic“optimal velocity model”. Then a scenario consists of two cars is researched through the simulation model to investigate the impact of the velocity, distance and drivers' skills upon the rear-end accident rate. Simulation results indicate that keeping safe distance is the most effective measures in prevention of crashes;while both response delay and operation error rate also pose obviously effects on the accident rate, but with different strengths and forms. These results are valuable for the studies on the mechanism and prevention of human-caused traffic accidents.