CAJ | 학술논문

自马基雅维里开创近代政治科学以来，人性科学方法和历史研究方法成为政治科学的重要方法。休谟从人性科学出发探寻人性的普遍原则，将各种信念背后的人性依据在自然史研究中呈现出来，道德的人性基础由此从宗教信念的前提下释放出来；正义与非义这样的德行与恶行，不再具有自然法传统中的“自然的”人性特征，而成为“人为的”。休谟在以《英国史》为代表的历史研究中充分运用了人性科学、信念学说和人为的正义等理论，对宗教狂热、权利论和契约论进行了批判，在历史研究中为政治科学确立了效用原则。
자마기아유리개창근대정치과학이래，인성과학방법화역사연구방법성위정치과학적중요방법。휴모종인성과학출발탐심인성적보편원칙，장각충신념배후적인성의거재자연사연구중정현출래，도덕적인성기출유차종종교신념적전제하석방출래；정의여비의저양적덕행여악행，불재구유자연법전통중적“자연적”인성특정，이성위“인위적”。휴모재이《영국사》위대표적역사연구중충분운용료인성과학、신념학설화인위적정의등이론，대종교광열、권리론화계약론진행료비판，재역사연구중위정치과학학립료효용원칙。
Since initiated modern political science, Machiavelli provid-ed important methods on the science of human nature and historical studies for political science.From this new science of human nature, Hume deduces some general principles and presents those contexts of human nature behind various beliefs in his studies of natural history.Hence the moral basis of hu-man nature frees from the premise of religion belief.Virtue and vice, such as justice and injustice, no longer bear‘natural’ characteristic in the tradi-tion of natural law, but‘artificial’ in the aspect of human nature.Applying fully the science of human nature and the theory of belief and artificial jus-tice, Hume criticizes religious fanaticism and make clear the theory of right and contract in his historical studies represented by History of England, and finally establishes the principle of utility for political science.