CAJ | 학술논문

前列腺癌已成为危害男性健康的最大问题之一.与其他肿瘤相比,前列腺癌具有更明显的肿瘤异质性,从而很大程度影响了肿瘤的诊断、治疗以及预后监测.因此,寻找高相关性的前列腺癌肿瘤标志物来指导穿刺、治疗方式的选择及随访观察变得尤为重要.从诊断层面来看,前列腺特异抗原的问世虽然提高了肿瘤的诊断率,但是其特异度低,可导致较多不必要的穿刺.目前通过高通量测序技术挖掘的长链非编码RNA、单核苷酸多态性及融合基因等分子已被证实与肿瘤具有相关性,同时可明显提高前列腺癌的诊断效能,具有良好的研究前景.从分子分型层面来看,传统的Gleason评分虽然能从显微镜下区分高、中、低危肿瘤,但受检测人员及技术所限,无法更为准确地对前列腺癌进行有效的分型.目前的研究结果表明,DNA水平的拷贝数变异及RNA水平的小RNA和长链非编码RNA均可预示肿瘤的进展,从而提示具有这些标志物的肿瘤具有高侵袭性,为前列腺癌分子分型的研究打下基础.虽然前列腺癌肿瘤标志物的发现仍处于起步阶段,但相信通过高通量测序及分子生物学技术的发展能挖掘更多更好的肿瘤标志物.
전렬선암이성위위해남성건강적최대문제지일.여기타종류상비,전렬선암구유경명현적종류이질성,종이흔대정도영향료종류적진단、치료이급예후감측.인차,심조고상관성적전렬선암종류표지물래지도천자、치료방식적선택급수방관찰변득우위중요.종진단층면래간,전렬선특이항원적문세수연제고료종류적진단솔,단시기특이도저,가도치교다불필요적천자.목전통과고통량측서기술알굴적장련비편마RNA、단핵감산다태성급융합기인등분자이피증실여종류구유상관성,동시가명현제고전렬선암적진단효능,구유량호적연구전경.종분자분형층면래간,전통적Gleason평분수연능종현미경하구분고、중、저위종류,단수검측인원급기술소한,무법경위준학지대전렬선암진행유효적분형.목전적연구결과표명,DNA수평적고패수변이급RNA수평적소RNA화장련비편마RNA균가예시종류적진전,종이제시구유저사표지물적종류구유고침습성,위전렬선암분자분형적연구타하기출.수연전렬선암종류표지물적발현잉처우기보계단,단상신통과고통량측서급분자생물학기술적발전능알굴경다경호적종류표지물.
Prostate cancer is one of the major problems of men's health.It has more obvious cancer heterogeneity,affecting the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis monitoring when comparing with other cancer.Thus,cancer related biomarkers are urgently needed to guide biopsy,treatment selection and follow-up.In the aspect of diagnosis,though the emerging of prostate specific antigen can raise the rate of diagnosis to some extent,it brings more unnecessary biopsies because of its low specificity.Cancer related long noncoding RNAs,single nucleotide polymorphism and fusion genes are proved to increase the diagnostic efficiency through high-throughput sequencing techniques.In the aspect of molecular classification,traditional Gleason score can discriminate different risk level of the cancer,but it is limited by the technicians.It is reported that copy number variations from DNA level and small RNAs,long non-coding RNAs from RNA level are related with the progress of cancer,indicating the potential role in cancer molecular classification.Although we are still on the way of the initial stage in exploring prostate cancer biomarkers,more useful and promising biomarkers will be found by high-throughput sequencing and molecular biotechniques.