CAJ | 학술논문

通过3年定位试验，在河西绿洲灌区，研究不同比例减少化学氮肥用量的情况下，间作针叶豌豆和毛叶苕子2种豆科绿肥饲草对玉米产量、经济效益和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明，间作针叶豌豆时，施用农民习惯化学施氮量90％的效果最好，虽然该模式下玉米籽粒产量下降了0．63％，但是差异不显著，而且可以多收针叶豌豆籽粒1987．34 kg?hm －2、针叶豌豆干草1374．35 kg?hm －2，同时经济效益最高，为36364元?hm －2，高于农民习惯施肥18．05％。间作毛叶苕子时，虽然所有化学氮肥减施处理的玉米籽粒产量均低于农民习惯施肥，但是在施用农民习惯化学施氮量90％的情况下减产幅度最低，只有2．76％，达到了14263 kg?hm －2，与农民习惯施肥处理之间的差异不显著，而且可以多收毛叶苕子干草3175．47 kg?hm －2，同时经济效益最高，为32136元?hm －2，高于农民习惯施肥4．33％。而且这2种种植体系下的土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量与农民习惯施肥处理之间的差异不显著。可见，在河西绿洲灌区进行玉米种植时，间作收获籽粒为主的针叶豌豆和间作以收获豆科饲草为主的毛叶苕子，均能减少10％的化学氮肥用量，其中间作针叶豌豆的经济效益高于间作毛叶苕子。
통과3년정위시험，재하서록주관구，연구불동비례감소화학담비용량적정황하，간작침협완두화모협초자2충두과록비사초대옥미산량、경제효익화토양비력적영향。결과표명，간작침협완두시，시용농민습관화학시담량90％적효과최호，수연해모식하옥미자립산량하강료0．63％，단시차이불현저，이차가이다수침협완두자립1987．34 kg?hm －2、침협완두간초1374．35 kg?hm －2，동시경제효익최고，위36364원?hm －2，고우농민습관시비18．05％。간작모협초자시，수연소유화학담비감시처리적옥미자립산량균저우농민습관시비，단시재시용농민습관화학시담량90％적정황하감산폭도최저，지유2．76％，체도료14263 kg?hm －2，여농민습관시비처리지간적차이불현저，이차가이다수모협초자간초3175．47 kg?hm －2，동시경제효익최고，위32136원?hm －2，고우농민습관시비4．33％。이차저2충충식체계하적토양유궤질、전담、감해담、유효린화속효갑함량여농민습관시비처리지간적차이불현저。가견，재하서록주관구진행옥미충식시，간작수획자립위주적침협완두화간작이수획두과사초위주적모협초자，균능감소10％적화학담비용량，기중간작침협완두적경제효익고우간작모협초자。
To study the effects on corn yield ,economic benefit and soil fertility in different proportions nitrogen-re-duction by the planting system using two kinds of leguminous green manure forages ,needle leaf pea and hairy vetch inter-cropping corn were employed for duration of three years in Hexi Oasis Irrigation .The results showed that effects from ap-plying 90% of the fertilizer amount that farmers often used were the best in corn /needle leaf pea intercropping system , which though resulted in a corn grain yield loss by 0 .63% ,not at a significant level .Nevertheless ,this helped addition-al harvests of needle leaf pea grain by 1 987 .34 kg?hm - 2 and needle leaf pea hay by 1 374 .35 kg?hm - 2 .The economic benefits were the highest ,reaching 36 364 yuan?hm - 2 ,18 .05% higher than that of the farmlands farmers often fertil-ized .Corn grain yields with nitrogen-reduction treatments were all lower than those with often fertilization in corn /hairy vetch intercropping system .But reduction in yield was minimum by only 2 .76% less ,reaching a yield of 14 263 kg?hm - 2 using 90% of the nitrogen fertilizer farmers often utilized ,not at a significant level .This caused additional harvest of hairy vetch hay by 3 175 .47 kg?hm - 2 and the economic benefit was the highest as 32 136 yuan?hm - 2 , 4 .33% higher than that of the farmlands farmers often fertilized .With these two kinds of planting systems ,the contents of soil organic matter ,total nitrogen ,available nitrogen ,available phosphorus and available potassium were not signifi -cantly different from those with often fertilizations by farmers .It could be seen that the intercropping systems of corn /nee-dle leaf pea and corn/hairy vetch could reduce 10% of the nitrogen fertilizer use and the economic benefit of the former was higher than that of latter in Hexi Oasis Irrigation .