CAJ | 학술논문

采用盆钵培养法，模拟定西市李家堡镇典型的黄土高原旱作农业区旱作覆膜方式，通过秸秆添加腐解剂还田研究小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆腐解120 d 土壤养分含量的动态变化特征。结果表明：在小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆120 d 的腐解过程中，各处理土壤有机质、碱解氮、全氮的增加速率一致表现为先增后减，土壤磷素、钾素的增加速率变化趋势为增—减—增—减；添加腐解剂处理的土壤养分增加速率均大于秸秆直接还田（对照），培肥土壤效果明显；小麦、玉米秸秆添加腐解剂 F3的处理土壤养分含量高于其他处理，即内含具特殊功能的芽孢杆菌、丝状真菌、放线菌和酵母菌的秸秆腐解剂 F3增加土壤养分的效果最好；相同腐解剂下不同种类秸秆处理的土壤养分含量表现为：WF1＞ CF1，WF2≥ CF2，WF3＜ CF3，即由好氧性的多个菌种复合培养而成的秸秆腐解剂 F1对小麦秸秆促腐优势最大；F3对玉米秸秆的促腐作用优于 F1和 F2；富含分解纤维素、半纤维素、木质素和其他生物有机物质的微生物菌群的秸秆腐解剂 F2对小麦、玉米秸秆的促腐效果基本相似。
채용분발배양법，모의정서시리가보진전형적황토고원한작농업구한작복막방식，통과갈간첨가부해제환전연구소맥갈간、옥미갈간부해120 d 토양양분함량적동태변화특정。결과표명：재소맥갈간、옥미갈간120 d 적부해과정중，각처리토양유궤질、감해담、전담적증가속솔일치표현위선증후감，토양린소、갑소적증가속솔변화추세위증—감—증—감；첨가부해제처리적토양양분증가속솔균대우갈간직접환전（대조），배비토양효과명현；소맥、옥미갈간첨가부해제 F3적처리토양양분함량고우기타처리，즉내함구특수공능적아포간균、사상진균、방선균화효모균적갈간부해제 F3증가토양양분적효과최호；상동부해제하불동충류갈간처리적토양양분함량표현위：WF1＞ CF1，WF2≥ CF2，WF3＜ CF3，즉유호양성적다개균충복합배양이성적갈간부해제 F1대소맥갈간촉부우세최대；F3대옥미갈간적촉부작용우우 F1화 F2；부함분해섬유소、반섬유소、목질소화기타생물유궤물질적미생물균군적갈간부해제 F2대소맥、옥미갈간적촉부효과기본상사。
Dingxi City Lee Town is a typical dry farming area in the Loess Plateau .In this area ,agricultural pro-duction usually uses a planting method ,named whole film double furrow sowing .In this research ,to investigate the dy-namic characteristics of soil nutrients and soil microbial biomass during the process of decomposing wheat and corn straw for 120 d ,a pot cultivation method ,simulating the actual planted production in this area ,was employed by adding differ-ent kinds of straws .The results showed that after 120 days of decomposition ,the increasing rates of soil organic matter and nitrogen with each treatment tended to increase in the early time ,and then became decreased .The rates of soil phos-phorus and potassium appeared an increase - decrease - increase - decrease trend .Fields with straw return by adding de-composition accelerators could improve the increasing rates of soil nutrients .The soil nutrients using different straws with the decomposition accelerator F3 (including Bacillus ,filamentous fungi ,actinomycetes and yeasts with special features ) were higher than those with other treatments .The soil nutrients using different straw treatments with the same decomposi -tion accelerator performance in an order of the following :WF1 > CF1 ,WF2 ≥ CF2 ,and WF3 < CF3 .It was concluded that among three different decomposition accelerators ,F1 (obtained through multiple aerobic complex strains with a strong ability to decompose cellulose ,hemicelluloses ,lignin and other organic ingredients of organic wastes ) was the best in promoting the decomposition of wheat ,and F2 (rich in microbial flora which contains straw decomposing ingredient such as cellulose ,hemicelluloses ,lignin and other bio - organic substances) played a same role in promoting wheat and corn straw decompositions .