CAJ | 학술논문

背景：膝关节作为人体最大而最复杂的关节，其滑膜和软骨疾病是长期困扰患者的常见病之一，但是超声诊断与临床医生常受到一图多病或一病多图的困惑。 　　目的：回顾膝关节软骨及滑膜病变超声诊断的误诊病例，总结出它们常见误区及鉴别思路。 　　方法：通过对2002年至2014年在膝关节软骨及滑膜病变超声诊断的误诊病例进行系统回顾分析，归纳总结其常见误区及相应的鉴别思路和方法。 　　结果与结论：高频超声在膝关节软骨及滑膜病变上有6个方面最易产生“误区”：①软骨退行性改变。②滑膜钙化。③滑膜病变回声强度。④滑膜血流情况。⑤滑囊积液。⑥累及膝关节内其他结构。高频超声通过动态及双侧对比观察膝关节病变，警惕“误区”，掌握鉴别思路和方法，是诊断软骨及滑膜疾病的一种很有价值影像学方法。
배경：슬관절작위인체최대이최복잡적관절，기활막화연골질병시장기곤우환자적상견병지일，단시초성진단여림상의생상수도일도다병혹일병다도적곤혹。 　　목적：회고슬관절연골급활막병변초성진단적오진병례，총결출타문상견오구급감별사로。 　　방법：통과대2002년지2014년재슬관절연골급활막병변초성진단적오진병례진행계통회고분석，귀납총결기상견오구급상응적감별사로화방법。 　　결과여결론：고빈초성재슬관절연골급활막병변상유6개방면최역산생“오구”：①연골퇴행성개변。②활막개화。③활막병변회성강도。④활막혈류정황。⑤활낭적액。⑥루급슬관절내기타결구。고빈초성통과동태급쌍측대비관찰슬관절병변，경척“오구”，장악감별사로화방법，시진단연골급활막질병적일충흔유개치영상학방법。
BACKGROUND:The knee joint acts as the body’s largest and most complex joint, which is a commonly seen perplex in patients because of synovium and cartilage diseases. Moreover, clinical physicians are often confused on the ultrasonic diagnosis of synovium and cartilage diseases. OBJECTIVE: To review the ultrasound misdiagnosed cases of knee cartilage and synovial lesions and to summarize the common misconceptions and discrimination methods. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed in the ultrasound misdiagnosed cases of knee cartilage and synovial lesions reported from 2002 to 2014, and then the common misconceptions and corresponding identification methods were summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: High-frequency ultrasound is most likely to have six “mistaken ideas” addressing knee cartilage and synovial lesions: (1) cartilage degeneration; (2) synovial calcification; (3) echo intensity from synovial lesions; (4) blood flow in the synovium; (5) synovial effusion; (6) lesions involving intraarticular structures. High-frequency ultrasound runs through dynamical observation and contrast observation of bilateral knee joint lesions, which is a valuable imaging method for diagnosis of cartilage and synovial diseases based on vigilance at the “mistaken ideas” and mastery of the distinguishing ideas and methods.