兰州大学学报（自然科学版）
蘭州大學學報（自然科學版）
란주대학학보（자연과학판）
JOURNAL OF LANZHOU UNIVERSITY（NATURAL SCIENCES）
2015年
2期
153-158
,共6页
罗颖%张钰%路阳%陶嗣廉%高喆
囉穎%張鈺%路暘%陶嗣廉%高喆
라영%장옥%로양%도사렴%고철
洮河干流%径流量%年内分配%趋势性分析
洮河榦流%徑流量%年內分配%趨勢性分析
조하간류%경류량%년내분배%추세성분석
main stream of Taohe River%runoff%intra-annual distribution%trend analysis
根据洮河干流4个水文站1956?2009年的逐月径流量资料,从不均匀性和集中程度等方面分析了径流量年内分配的变化特征,并采用Mann-Kendall非参数检验方法分析了流域月、年径流量变化的趋势性.结果表明：洮河干流径流量在枯水季节和丰水季节相差较大,年内分配极不均匀.从时间上来看,1980年以后各水文站径流量的不均匀性和集中程度有所缓解,径流量的集中期有提前的趋势.从空间上来看,洮河流域下游比上游具有更高的不均匀性和集中度,说明越向下游径流量年内分配越不均匀.另外,不均匀性和集中度的相对变化幅度整体有升高趋势.1980年以后洮河干流各月径流量普遍减小,汛期减少尤为明显,且上游枯水期减少趋势大于下游,下游汛期减少趋势大于上游,春、夏季减少趋势大于秋、冬季.洮河干流径流量的年际变化较为剧烈,1980年以后洮河干流年径流量明显减小,且下游减少趋势大于上游.其中,下巴沟、岷县、李家村、红旗站年径流量分别以每年0.14×108,0.28×108,0.35×108,0.37×108 m3的速率递减,递减量分别占多年平均径流量的0.91%,0.84%,0.88%,0.81%.
根據洮河榦流4箇水文站1956?2009年的逐月徑流量資料,從不均勻性和集中程度等方麵分析瞭徑流量年內分配的變化特徵,併採用Mann-Kendall非參數檢驗方法分析瞭流域月、年徑流量變化的趨勢性.結果錶明：洮河榦流徑流量在枯水季節和豐水季節相差較大,年內分配極不均勻.從時間上來看,1980年以後各水文站徑流量的不均勻性和集中程度有所緩解,徑流量的集中期有提前的趨勢.從空間上來看,洮河流域下遊比上遊具有更高的不均勻性和集中度,說明越嚮下遊徑流量年內分配越不均勻.另外,不均勻性和集中度的相對變化幅度整體有升高趨勢.1980年以後洮河榦流各月徑流量普遍減小,汛期減少尤為明顯,且上遊枯水期減少趨勢大于下遊,下遊汛期減少趨勢大于上遊,春、夏季減少趨勢大于鞦、鼕季.洮河榦流徑流量的年際變化較為劇烈,1980年以後洮河榦流年徑流量明顯減小,且下遊減少趨勢大于上遊.其中,下巴溝、岷縣、李傢村、紅旂站年徑流量分彆以每年0.14×108,0.28×108,0.35×108,0.37×108 m3的速率遞減,遞減量分彆佔多年平均徑流量的0.91%,0.84%,0.88%,0.81%.
근거조하간류4개수문참1956?2009년적축월경류량자료,종불균균성화집중정도등방면분석료경류량년내분배적변화특정,병채용Mann-Kendall비삼수검험방법분석료류역월、년경류량변화적추세성.결과표명：조하간류경류량재고수계절화봉수계절상차교대,년내분배겁불균균.종시간상래간,1980년이후각수문참경류량적불균균성화집중정도유소완해,경류량적집중기유제전적추세.종공간상래간,조하류역하유비상유구유경고적불균균성화집중도,설명월향하유경류량년내분배월불균균.령외,불균균성화집중도적상대변화폭도정체유승고추세.1980년이후조하간류각월경류량보편감소,신기감소우위명현,차상유고수기감소추세대우하유,하유신기감소추세대우상유,춘、하계감소추세대우추、동계.조하간류경류량적년제변화교위극렬,1980년이후조하간류년경류량명현감소,차하유감소추세대우상유.기중,하파구、민현、리가촌、홍기참년경류량분별이매년0.14×108,0.28×108,0.35×108,0.37×108 m3적속솔체감,체감량분별점다년평균경류량적0.91%,0.84%,0.88%,0.81%.
Based on the observed runoff data of the past 54 years(1956?2009) about the main stream of Taohe River, an analysis was made of the uneven coe?cient of seasonal distribution, concentration rate, concentration period and the variation ranges of the runoff by using mathematics statistics. Meanwhile, the Mann-Kendall test method was employed to detect the variation trends of monthly and annual runoff and the results indicated that the annual variability of the runoff was intense, and the intra-annual distribution was extremely uneven. Since 1980, the runoff’s concentration rate had been lowered and the concentration rate delayed. The downstream area presented a more uneven coe?cient and a higher concentration rate than the upstream area. Moreover, the uneven coe?cient and the concentration rate showed an increasing trend. The monthly runoff had decreased especially in the flood season after 1980, and the downstream area decreased more than the upstream area, while there had been a contrary trend in the dry season. However, the decreasing trend in spring and summer was more obvious than in autumn and winter. A significant decreasing trend had been found in the annual runoff in Taohe River during the past 50 years at all the observed stations and the downstream area showed a more significant trend than the upstream area. The decrement of the annual runoff is 0.14, 0.28, 0.35, 0.37 hundred million cubic meters, which is 0.91%, 0.84%, 0.88%and 0.81% of the whole year, respectively.
