CAJ | 학술논문

目的调查中国家庭教养方式的年代变化及其对心理健康的影响.方法按分层方便取样原则,从无锡和合肥城市居民中抽取429名有效样本,60年代组103人,70年代组107人,80年代组116人,90年代组103人,用家庭教养方式问卷和百项心理症状问卷调查被试童年期的家庭教养方式和目前的心理健康状况.结果 (1)除理解-责备、期望-苛求、母亲尊重-羞辱和母亲温情-粗暴等外,其它教养方式维度得分从60年代组[(38.29±6.30)分～(44.99±7.36)分]到80年代组[(40.96±6.05)分～(48.53±7.91)分]逐渐增高,90年代组呈下降趋势[(40.13±7.27)分～(46.97±6.61)分],年代间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);(2)多数教养方式维度与症状总分(r=0.095 ～ 0.308)和心理症状分(r=0.090～0.330)呈显著负相关(P＜0.05);(3)家庭教养方式对症状总分(可解释20.3％的方差)和心理症状(可解释12.4％～21.5％的方差)均有显著影响(P＜0.01).结论中国家庭教养方式发生了一些积极、开放和科学的变化,童年期家庭教养方式对青年和成年期的心理健康存在远期影响.
목적 조사중국가정교양방식적년대변화급기대심리건강적영향.방법 안분층방편취양원칙,종무석화합비성시거민중추취429명유효양본,60년대조103인,70년대조107인,80년대조116인,90년대조103인,용가정교양방식문권화백항심리증상문권조사피시동년기적가정교양방식화목전적심리건강상황.결과 (1)제리해-책비、기망-가구、모친존중-수욕화모친온정-조폭등외,기타교양방식유도득분종60년대조[(38.29±6.30)분～(44.99±7.36)분]도80년대조[(40.96±6.05)분～(48.53±7.91)분]축점증고,90년대조정하강추세[(40.13±7.27)분～(46.97±6.61)분],년대간차이유통계학의의(P＜0.05);(2)다수교양방식유도여증상총분(r=0.095 ～ 0.308)화심리증상분(r=0.090～0.330)정현저부상관(P＜0.05);(3)가정교양방식대증상총분(가해석20.3％적방차)화심리증상(가해석12.4％～21.5％적방차)균유현저영향(P＜0.01).결론 중국가정교양방식발생료일사적겁、개방화과학적변화,동년기가정교양방식대청년화성년기적심리건강존재원기영향.
Objective To investigate changes of family parenting styles after the reforn and opening in China and its influence on mental health.Methods On the base of stratified convenience sampling,a valid sample of 429 were recruited from Wuxi and Hefei city residents:1960s group 103 persons,1970s group 107 persons,1980s group 116 persons,and 1990s group 103 persons.Subjects' childhood parenting styles were surveyed with the family upbringing style questionnaire(FUSQ) and their current mental health status was rated with the psychological symptom inventory-100 (PSI-100).Results (1) Except understanding-blame,and expects-demanding,and mother respect-humiliation and mother warmth-wildness,there were significant age differences on other parenting styles (P＜ 0.05),their scores were gradually increased from 1960s group ((38.29± 6.30)-(44.99± 7.36)) to 1980s group ((40.96±6.05)-(48.53±7.91)),1990s group declined((40.13±7.27)-(46.97±6.61)).(2) Most parenting style dimensions were significantly negatively correlated with symptom total score (r=0.095-0.308) and mental symptom scores (r=0.090-0.330).(3) The family parenting styles had significantly effects on the symptom total score (explained variance of 20.3％) and mental symptom scores (explained variance of 12.4％-21.5％).Conclusion There have been some positive,open and scientific changes on the family parenting styles after the reform and opening in China,childhood family parenting styles have long-term effects on mental health of youth and adult.