CAJ | 학술논문

目的：两种正向条件推理肯定前件式（MP）和否定前件式（DA）是日常生活中最常见的两种演绎推理形式，本研究拟探讨两者神经机制的异同。资料与方法本研究设计了3种抽象内容的条件推理，包括 MP、DA 和基线任务（BS），14名在校大学生参加了事件相关功能 MRI（fMRI）实验，男、女各7名，平均年龄（23.4±1.3）岁，对条件推理过程的 fMRI 数据进行分析。结果两两比较结果显示，MP、DA的平均反应时均显著慢于 BS（P<0.001）。对于正确率，条件主效应不显著（P>0.05）。与 BS 相比，正向推理任务（MP、DA）均激活了左侧额下回（BA 9）、顶下小叶（BA 40）和中央后回。将 MP 推理与 DA 推理进行比较发现，MP 推理比 DA 推理显著激活了双侧尾状核，而 DA 推理比 MP 推理则显著激活了额叶、顶叶、枕叶及扣带回。结论 MP 和 DA 两种正向条件推理既共同激活了左侧额顶区域，又在尾状核及双侧额、顶、枕区呈显著分离，这一结果首次证实了两种正向条件推理具有不同的神经机制，有助于进一步深入揭示条件推理的脑机制。
목적：량충정향조건추리긍정전건식（MP）화부정전건식（DA）시일상생활중최상견적량충연역추리형식，본연구의탐토량자신경궤제적이동。자료여방법본연구설계료3충추상내용적조건추리，포괄 MP、DA 화기선임무（BS），14명재교대학생삼가료사건상관공능 MRI（fMRI）실험，남、녀각7명，평균년령（23.4±1.3）세，대조건추리과정적 fMRI 수거진행분석。결과량량비교결과현시，MP、DA적평균반응시균현저만우 BS（P<0.001）。대우정학솔，조건주효응불현저（P>0.05）。여 BS 상비，정향추리임무（MP、DA）균격활료좌측액하회（BA 9）、정하소협（BA 40）화중앙후회。장 MP 추리여 DA 추리진행비교발현，MP 추리비 DA 추리현저격활료쌍측미상핵，이 DA 추리비 MP 추리칙현저격활료액협、정협、침협급구대회。결론 MP 화 DA 량충정향조건추리기공동격활료좌측액정구역，우재미상핵급쌍측액、정、침구정현저분리，저일결과수차증실료량충정향조건추리구유불동적신경궤제，유조우진일보심입게시조건추리적뇌궤제。
Purpose Two kinds of forward conditional reasoning including modus ponens (MP) and denial of the antecedent (DA) are the most common deductive reasoning in daily life. The present study aimed to explore the difference between the two neural machanisms. Materials and Methods Three kinds of tasks including MP, DA, and baseline were administrated to 14 undergraduates [7 males and 7 females, mean age (23.4±1.3) years] by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique. fMRI data was analyzed. Results The reaction times were significantly slower for MP and DA than that of BS (P<0.001), while the effect was not significant for accuracy. In contrast to baseline, both MP and DA tasks activated the left inferior frontal cortex (BA 9), inferior parietal lobule (BA 40), and postcentral gyrus. Bilateral caudate significant activation was found in MP task when compared with DA, whereas the frontal, parietal, occipital lobe and anterior cingulate cortex were acivated more in the DA than in MP task. Conclusion Both forward conditional reasoning of MP and DA commonly activate the left frontoparietal cortex, while significant dissociations can be seen in the regions of caudate and bilateral frontal, parietal and occipital. These results firstly demonstrates the different neural mechanism underlying the two forward conditional reasoning, which might help to further uncover the brain mechanism of conditional reasoning.