节水灌溉
節水灌溉
절수관개
WATER SAVING IRRIGATION
2015年
4期
1-5,9
,共6页
番茄%盛果期%土壤含水率%根系
番茄%盛果期%土壤含水率%根繫
번가%성과기%토양함수솔%근계
tomato%full bearing period%soil water capacity%root system
为了解温室番茄根系层土壤水分变化规律与根系之间的关系，采用 T REM E水分传感器测定了番茄盛果期根系层距植株不同水平距离不同土层的土壤含水率，同时测定了番茄盛果期不同阶段根的长度及数量，研究了土壤含水率在水平方向及竖直方向随时间的变化规律。同时根据番茄根系层土壤含水率等值线分布图及根系层土壤含水率低值区，分析了根系层土壤含水率变化规律与番茄根系分布间的关系。结果表明：番茄盛果期由于耗水量较大，根系得到较大发展，总根数及最长根长度均呈递增趋势，根系吸水范围扩大，主根系长度主要集中在5～20 cm。盛果期0～30 cm土层土壤含水率变化明显，地表以下15～25 cm距植株0～10 cm范围内最易出现土壤水分低值区，且随时间的推移，土壤水分低值区向外逐渐扩展。根系密集分布区易形成土壤水分低值区，根系的分布范围与土壤水分的明显变化区域具有较好的一致性，番茄根系附近的土壤水分状况可作为确定灌水量和灌水时间的依据。
為瞭解溫室番茄根繫層土壤水分變化規律與根繫之間的關繫，採用 T REM E水分傳感器測定瞭番茄盛果期根繫層距植株不同水平距離不同土層的土壤含水率，同時測定瞭番茄盛果期不同階段根的長度及數量，研究瞭土壤含水率在水平方嚮及豎直方嚮隨時間的變化規律。同時根據番茄根繫層土壤含水率等值線分佈圖及根繫層土壤含水率低值區，分析瞭根繫層土壤含水率變化規律與番茄根繫分佈間的關繫。結果錶明：番茄盛果期由于耗水量較大，根繫得到較大髮展，總根數及最長根長度均呈遞增趨勢，根繫吸水範圍擴大，主根繫長度主要集中在5～20 cm。盛果期0～30 cm土層土壤含水率變化明顯，地錶以下15～25 cm距植株0～10 cm範圍內最易齣現土壤水分低值區，且隨時間的推移，土壤水分低值區嚮外逐漸擴展。根繫密集分佈區易形成土壤水分低值區，根繫的分佈範圍與土壤水分的明顯變化區域具有較好的一緻性，番茄根繫附近的土壤水分狀況可作為確定灌水量和灌水時間的依據。
위료해온실번가근계층토양수분변화규률여근계지간적관계，채용 T REM E수분전감기측정료번가성과기근계층거식주불동수평거리불동토층적토양함수솔，동시측정료번가성과기불동계단근적장도급수량，연구료토양함수솔재수평방향급수직방향수시간적변화규률。동시근거번가근계층토양함수솔등치선분포도급근계층토양함수솔저치구，분석료근계층토양함수솔변화규률여번가근계분포간적관계。결과표명：번가성과기유우모수량교대，근계득도교대발전，총근수급최장근장도균정체증추세，근계흡수범위확대，주근계장도주요집중재5～20 cm。성과기0～30 cm토층토양함수솔변화명현，지표이하15～25 cm거식주0～10 cm범위내최역출현토양수분저치구，차수시간적추이，토양수분저치구향외축점확전。근계밀집분포구역형성토양수분저치구，근계적분포범위여토양수분적명현변화구역구유교호적일치성，번가근계부근적토양수분상황가작위학정관수량화관수시간적의거。
The moisture transducer TREME is used to measure soil water capacity in different soil layers and different distances from the plant in tomato full bearing period to understand the relationship between soil water transformation laws and roots system in to‐mato soil layer in greenhouses .Meanwhile ,the length and amount of tomato roots are measured in different stages in full bearing pe‐riod to study the transformation laws of soil water in tomato root layer in horizontal and vertical directions .What's more ,the rela‐tionship between soil water transformation laws and tomato roots spatial distribution are analyzed through the contour map of soil water and low soil water capacity area in tomato root soil layer .The results show that because of the water consumption in tomato full bearing period huge ,tomato roots develop quickly .Both the total root number and the length of the longest root show a climbing trend and the range of area where water absorbed by roots also extends .The length of main roots mainly distributes in the 5~20 centimeters range .During full bearing period ,soil water capacity in 0~30 centimeter soil depth fluctuates significantly .The areas of 15~25 centimeters underground and 0~10 centimeters from the plant are the most possible area for low soil water capacity to appear and will extends outward with time passing by .The root distribution range is in accordance with significant change area of soil water capacity .The soil water condition near tomato roots can provide basis for how much water is needed to irrigate and when to irrigate .
