CAJ | 학술논문

发展普惠金融就是为传统金融机构服务不到的农民甚至是贫困人口提供小额信贷。基于普惠金融视角的贷款是信用贷款，村镇银行如何用信用贷款取代抵押品贷款是其贷款机制设计的关键。我们的分析表明依靠声誉的信用贷款和关系贷款是农村金融市场两个重要的抵押品替代机制：（1）在长期关系中，考虑到声誉和长远利益，农户会自我监督、自觉还款。（2）利用农村信贷员的尽职调查、监督和关系型贷款可以有效降低信息不对称，从而改善农户融资条件。（3）同时我们得出了执行声誉和关系贷款机制所需要的条件。本文的分析对通过发展村镇银行推动我国农村普惠金融的发展、纠正村镇银行偏离服务“三农”的宗旨具有重要意义。
발전보혜금융취시위전통금융궤구복무불도적농민심지시빈곤인구제공소액신대。기우보혜금융시각적대관시신용대관，촌진은행여하용신용대관취대저압품대관시기대관궤제설계적관건。아문적분석표명의고성예적신용대관화관계대관시농촌금융시장량개중요적저압품체대궤제：（1）재장기관계중，고필도성예화장원이익，농호회자아감독、자각환관。（2）이용농촌신대원적진직조사、감독화관계형대관가이유효강저신식불대칭，종이개선농호융자조건。（3）동시아문득출료집행성예화관계대관궤제소수요적조건。본문적분석대통과발전촌진은행추동아국농촌보혜금융적발전、규정촌진은행편리복무“삼농”적종지구유중요의의。
From the perspective of inclusive financial, how rural banks replace loans with collateral for credit lending mechanism is the key to its lending mechanism design. Our analysis showed that relationship lending and reputation lending are two important ways: (1) in the long-term relationship, considering the reputation and long-term benefits, farmers will be self-monitoring and consciously repay; (2) due diligence, monitor and relationship lending of rural loan officers , can effectively reduce information asymmetry, thus improving farmers’ financing conditions; (3) at the same time, we obtained the conditions necessary for carrying out mechanism of reputation and relationship lending. The purpose and significance of this paper is to push the development of inclusive financial and make sure the rural banks service to farmers through developing rural banks.