水利学报
水利學報
수리학보
2015年
3期
280-290
,共11页
淮河流域%生态需水保障程度%年内展布计算法%时空解析
淮河流域%生態需水保障程度%年內展佈計算法%時空解析
회하류역%생태수수보장정도%년내전포계산법%시공해석
Huaihe River Basin%satisfactory degree of ecological water demand%dynamic calculation meth-od of ecological water demand%spatio-temporal analysis
为了反映出河道内水量满足生态保护与修复需求的状况，以淮河流域为研究对象，构建了适合于快速评估流域尺度河道内生态需水保障程度时空特征的方法。采用生态需水年内展布计算法计算了流域主要干支流的生态需水阈值，并结合实测径流资料开展了生态需水保障程度计算。利用时间序列法、Mann-Kendall检验法、聚类分析以及GIS空间分析功能对流域生态需水保障程度进行时空特征解析。结果表明：①流域生态需水保障程度整体呈现上游地区高于下游地区，淮河干流南岸地区高于北岸地区的特征；②颍河、涡河、沱河等支流的生态需水保障程度较低，且呈显著下降的趋势；③流域年内4—6月份的生态需水保障程度整体表现最低，且空间差异性大，为流域河道内生态需水敏感时期；④流域涡河玄武、蒙城断面，池河明光断面和沱河永城断面生态需水保障程度整体最低，且年内过程变异程度最大，为河道内生态需水优先保障区。评估结果可为优化流域水资源配置、制定维护河流健康对策和保障措施提供重要的依据。
為瞭反映齣河道內水量滿足生態保護與脩複需求的狀況，以淮河流域為研究對象，構建瞭適閤于快速評估流域呎度河道內生態需水保障程度時空特徵的方法。採用生態需水年內展佈計算法計算瞭流域主要榦支流的生態需水閾值，併結閤實測徑流資料開展瞭生態需水保障程度計算。利用時間序列法、Mann-Kendall檢驗法、聚類分析以及GIS空間分析功能對流域生態需水保障程度進行時空特徵解析。結果錶明：①流域生態需水保障程度整體呈現上遊地區高于下遊地區，淮河榦流南岸地區高于北岸地區的特徵；②潁河、渦河、沱河等支流的生態需水保障程度較低，且呈顯著下降的趨勢；③流域年內4—6月份的生態需水保障程度整體錶現最低，且空間差異性大，為流域河道內生態需水敏感時期；④流域渦河玄武、矇城斷麵，池河明光斷麵和沱河永城斷麵生態需水保障程度整體最低，且年內過程變異程度最大，為河道內生態需水優先保障區。評估結果可為優化流域水資源配置、製定維護河流健康對策和保障措施提供重要的依據。
위료반영출하도내수량만족생태보호여수복수구적상황，이회하류역위연구대상，구건료괄합우쾌속평고류역척도하도내생태수수보장정도시공특정적방법。채용생태수수년내전포계산법계산료류역주요간지류적생태수수역치，병결합실측경류자료개전료생태수수보장정도계산。이용시간서렬법、Mann-Kendall검험법、취류분석이급GIS공간분석공능대류역생태수수보장정도진행시공특정해석。결과표명：①류역생태수수보장정도정체정현상유지구고우하유지구，회하간류남안지구고우북안지구적특정；②영하、와하、타하등지류적생태수수보장정도교저，차정현저하강적추세；③류역년내4—6월빈적생태수수보장정도정체표현최저，차공간차이성대，위류역하도내생태수수민감시기；④류역와하현무、몽성단면，지하명광단면화타하영성단면생태수수보장정도정체최저，차년내과정변이정도최대，위하도내생태수수우선보장구。평고결과가위우화류역수자원배치、제정유호하류건강대책화보장조시제공중요적의거。
In order to reflect the statuson instream flow to meet the demand of ecological protection and restoration, this study adopts dynamic calculation method of ecological water demand to calculate the satis?factory degree of ecological water demand of the main rivers in the Huaihe River Basin. Based on the Clus?ter analysis, Mann-Kendall test and the function of spatial analysis of GIS, this papermainly addresses identification of the sensitivity areas and periods of the satisfactory degree of ecological water demand, and its spatial distribution characteristics. The results sho wthat;①Overall, satisfactory degree of ecological wa?ter demand in this basin is higher in the west thanthat in the east, higher in the north and lower in the south;②Satisfactory degrees of ecological water demand in the Yinghe, the Wohe and the Tuohe rivers are lower, and present a significant downward trend;③The satisfactory degree of ecological water deman?dat thethird period (Apr-Jun) is the lowest, and has the largest spatial difference. So, it can be recog?nized as the sensitive period of the ecological water demand;and ④ The sensitivity areas of ecological wa?ter demand are some sub-basins in the Huaihe River Basin,such as the Wohe,the Chihe and the Tuohe rivers. Ecological water demand in these rivers cannot be guaranteed at more than one-third of the time in a year.
