CAJ | 학술논문

应用三维荧光技术结合自组织神经网络方法，研究典型城市河流沉积物孔隙水中水溶性有机物（DOM ）与颗粒性有机物（POM ）组成结构及空间分布特征。自组织神经网络是一种非监督神经网络算法，能够从有机物三维光谱中提取不同的荧光组分，表征各组分的含量。沉积物是重要的有机碳库，而沉积物孔隙水中有机物的多寡可直接反映其环境特征。人们对水体中沉积物孔隙水中的DOM 与营养盐特征的研究较多，而对POM 的研究较少，尤其对重污染城市支流河的研究更少。因此，选取沈阳市白塔堡河为研究对象，沿河源、农村、城市区域河段采集沉积物孔隙水样品，提取DOM与POM ，检测样品的三维荧光光谱。DOM的 f450／500值为1.82～1.91，表明DOM主要是微生物源；POM 的 f450／500值为1.42～1.68，表明POM 主要以陆地输入为主。自组织神经网络解析DOM与POM 含有类酪氨酸、类色氨酸、类富里酸与类胡敏酸等物质，类酪氨酸主要源于新鲜的具有高氧化的类蛋白物质，而类色氨酸主要为微生物代谢产物。DOM 的各组分丰度之和为POM 的2倍，类酪氨酸平均相对丰度在50％以上，类色氨酸的平均相对丰度为18.8％～23.1％，类富里酸相对丰度比类胡敏酸的高，但两者在有机物组分所占比重小。通过主成分分析，DOM 与POM 特征呈现沿河源、农村、城市区域河段变化，表明白塔堡河深受人类活动的影响。
응용삼유형광기술결합자조직신경망락방법，연구전형성시하류침적물공극수중수용성유궤물（DOM ）여과립성유궤물（POM ）조성결구급공간분포특정。자조직신경망락시일충비감독신경망락산법，능구종유궤물삼유광보중제취불동적형광조분，표정각조분적함량。침적물시중요적유궤탄고，이침적물공극수중유궤물적다과가직접반영기배경특정。인문대수체중침적물공극수중적DOM 여영양염특정적연구교다，이대POM 적연구교소，우기대중오염성시지류하적연구경소。인차，선취침양시백탑보하위연구대상，연하원、농촌、성시구역하단채집침적물공극수양품，제취DOM여POM ，검측양품적삼유형광광보。DOM적 f450／500치위1.82～1.91，표명DOM주요시미생물원；POM 적 f450／500치위1.42～1.68，표명POM 주요이륙지수입위주。자조직신경망락해석DOM여POM 함유류락안산、류색안산、류부리산여류호민산등물질，류락안산주요원우신선적구유고양화적류단백물질，이류색안산주요위미생물대사산물。DOM 적각조분봉도지화위POM 적2배，류락안산평균상대봉도재50％이상，류색안산적평균상대봉도위18.8％～23.1％，류부리산상대봉도비류호민산적고，단량자재유궤물조분소점비중소。통과주성분분석，DOM 여POM 특정정현연하원、농촌、성시구역하단변화，표명백탑보하심수인류활동적영향。
Excitation‐emission matrix (EEM ) fluorescence with self‐organizing map was applied to characterize structural compo‐sition and spatial distribution of dissolved (DOM ) and particulate (POM ) organic matter from sediment pore water in a typical urban river .Ten sediment pore water samples were collected from the mainstream of Baitabuhe River in Shenyang City of north‐east China ,along a human impact gradient ,i .e .river source ,rural and urban regions .DOM and POM were extracted from the pore water ,and their EEM fluorescence spectra were measured . f450/500 of DOM ranged from 1.82 to 1.91 ,indicating that DOM is mainly from microbial source;f450/500 of POM ranged from 1.42 to 1.68 ,suggesting that POM derived from land .Four com‐ponents were identified from DOM and POM fractions by self‐organizing map ,which included tyrosine‐like ,tryptophan‐like , fulvic‐like and humic‐like matters .Tyrosine‐like originated from fresh and less degraded material with a high potential for oxida‐tion ,which was considered as representative components of DOM and POM .Tryptophan‐like was associated with microbial by‐product‐like material ,and can indicate microbial activities .The abundance sum of all components in DOM is roughly 2 times more than that in POM .The mean relative abundance of tyrosine‐like was more than 50% ,while tryptophan‐like was about 18.6% ~23.1% .Abundance of fulvic‐like was much more than that of humic‐like ,but they were only a small proportion of or‐ganic matter fractions .Based on principal component analysis ,the characteristics of DOM and POM distinctly were distributed along river source ,rural region and urban region ,proving that the river was deeply influenced by human activity .