CAJ | 학술논문

施用化学农药是导致砀山梨园土壤污染的主要因素。本研究系统检测了梨园化学农药残留时空分布，定量评价了间作作物与生物药剂结合对梨园土壤理化性状和农药残留的调控作用。春季、秋季分别检测了0~20、20~40、40~60 cm土壤主要化学农药检出率和残留量。调控作用试验设计为：①间作白三叶草+0.3%SAVONA1200X+1%申嗪霉素2000X替代50%常规施药化学农药用量；②间作桔梗+0.3%SAVONA1200X+1%申嗪霉素2000X替代50%常规施药化学农药用量；③对照：人工除草+常规施药。每个处理重复3次。结果显示：主要化学农药检出率和残留量为：0~20 cm>20~40 cm>40~60 cm，秋季>春季，表明土壤化学农药残留主要分布在0~40 cm土层，来源于当年施用的化学药剂。通过2年调控试验，处理①和②0~40 cm的土壤中苯醚甲环唑残留量分别为17.00±0.82、5.67±1.25μg·L-1，显著低于对照57.67±1.70μg·L-1；毒死蜱分别为3±0.00、2±0.00μg·L-1，显著低于对照4±0.00μg·L-1；吡虫啉分别为103.33±1.70、180.00±4.08μg·L-1，显著低于对照401.67±13.12μg·L-1。桔梗对土壤中的氮吸收作用显著，白三叶草固氮作用显著，桔梗、白三叶草对土壤中的磷拦截作用显著。晴天测试的土壤含水量处理①和②显著高于对照，2014年7月26日12：30和15：30地表温度处理淤和于均显著低于人工除草地。
시용화학농약시도치탕산리완토양오염적주요인소。본연구계통검측료리완화학농약잔류시공분포，정량평개료간작작물여생물약제결합대리완토양이화성상화농약잔류적조공작용。춘계、추계분별검측료0~20、20~40、40~60 cm토양주요화학농약검출솔화잔류량。조공작용시험설계위：①간작백삼협초+0.3%SAVONA1200X+1%신진매소2000X체대50%상규시약화학농약용량；②간작길경+0.3%SAVONA1200X+1%신진매소2000X체대50%상규시약화학농약용량；③대조：인공제초+상규시약。매개처리중복3차。결과현시：주요화학농약검출솔화잔류량위：0~20 cm>20~40 cm>40~60 cm，추계>춘계，표명토양화학농약잔류주요분포재0~40 cm토층，래원우당년시용적화학약제。통과2년조공시험，처리①화②0~40 cm적토양중분미갑배서잔류량분별위17.00±0.82、5.67±1.25μg·L-1，현저저우대조57.67±1.70μg·L-1；독사비분별위3±0.00、2±0.00μg·L-1，현저저우대조4±0.00μg·L-1；필충람분별위103.33±1.70、180.00±4.08μg·L-1，현저저우대조401.67±13.12μg·L-1。길경대토양중적담흡수작용현저，백삼협초고담작용현저，길경、백삼협초대토양중적린란절작용현저。청천측시적토양함수량처리①화②현저고우대조，2014년7월26일12：30화15：30지표온도처리어화우균현저저우인공제초지。
Application of chemical pesticides is the main cause that leads the soil pollution in Dangshan pear orchard. This research tested systematically the spatial and temporal distribution of chemical pesticide residues and evaluated quantitatively the synergistic regulation of combining intercrops with biological agent on physicochemical characters and chemical pesticide residues in pear orchard soil. We examined the detectable rates and residues of main chemical pesticides in the depth of 0~20, 20~40 cm and 40~60 cm soil both in spring and autumn. The manipulating experiment was designed as:①Intercropping Trifolium repens+0.3%SAVONA1200X+1%Phenazino-1-carboxylic acid 2000X substituted 50%of the amount of routine application of chemical pesticides;②Intercropping Platycodon grandiflorum+0.3%SAVON-A1200X+1%Phenazino-1-carboxylic acid 2000X substituted 50%of the amount of routine application of chemical pesticides; ③Control:manual weeding+the routine application of chemical pesticides. Each of treatments was repeated three times. The results demonstrated that the orders of the detectable rate and residue of main chemical pesticides were 0~20 cm>20~40 cm>40~60 cm and autumn>spring, which showed the soil contamination of chemical pesticides was concentrated in the depth of 0~40 cm soil and caused mainly by chemical agent of current season application. After 2 years of the manipulation experiment, the residue of difenoconazole in the depth of 0~40 cm soil in treat-ment①and②was 17.00±0.82, 5.67±1.25μg·L-1 respectively, which were significantly lower than 57.67±1.70μg·L-1 in the control. The residue of chlorpyrifos in the depth of 0~40 cm soil in treatment①and②was 3±0.00, 2±0.00μg·L-1 respectively, which were significantly lower than 4±0.00μg·L-1 in the control. The residue of imidacloprid in the depth of 0~40 cm soil in treatment①and②was 103.33±1.70, 180.00±4.08μg·L-1 respectively, which were significantly lower than 401.67±13.12μg·L-1 in the control. Platycodon grandiflorum had a sig-nificant effect on assimilating nitrogen in the soil. Trifolium repens had a significant effect on fixation of nitrogen. Both Platycodon grandiflo-rum and Trifolium repens had an apparent effect on intercepting phosphorus in the soil. The water content of soil examined in sunny day was significantly higher in treatment①and②than in the control. The temperatures of surface soil examined at 12:30 and 15:30 on July 26th, 2014 in treatment①and②were significantly lower than in the control.