CAJ | 학술논문

“美丽乡村”创建活动正在全国范围内开展，了解不同地域乡村生态景观存在的问题，有利于针对性地促进“美丽乡村”的建设。通过对全国范围内1107个村庄进行的生态景观问卷调研，评价了不同地域乡村村庄生态景观建设方面存在的问题。结果显示，（1）调研乡村对自身发展各方面的评价均不理想，仅“民生和谐”达到满意程度，乡村旅游发展不满意程度最高；乡村特色缺失严重，产业发展、经济建设和生态环境方面有待改善；（2）乡村居民点空心化已成为普遍现象，可作为乡村景观建设的潜在资源；（3）村庄污水排放、垃圾处理和村庄绿化方面均有待改善；（4）农田沟路林渠生态景观基础设施存在绿化不足、过度硬化、沟渠废弃、林网不完善、缺乏管理等问题；（5）各地区间比较，华东地区在乡村生态景观建设方面情况最好。针对这些问题，应从开展乡村景观特征评价、治理居民点空心化、加强村庄人居环境和景观建设、创新农田基础设施管护制度、加快乡村生态景观和生态修复工程技术研发和应用几个方面来综合解决。
“미려향촌”창건활동정재전국범위내개전，료해불동지역향촌생태경관존재적문제，유리우침대성지촉진“미려향촌”적건설。통과대전국범위내1107개촌장진행적생태경관문권조연，평개료불동지역향촌촌장생태경관건설방면존재적문제。결과현시，（1）조연향촌대자신발전각방면적평개균불이상，부“민생화해”체도만의정도，향촌여유발전불만의정도최고；향촌특색결실엄중，산업발전、경제건설화생태배경방면유대개선；（2）향촌거민점공심화이성위보편현상，가작위향촌경관건설적잠재자원；（3）촌장오수배방、랄급처리화촌장녹화방면균유대개선；（4）농전구로림거생태경관기출설시존재녹화불족、과도경화、구거폐기、림망불완선、결핍관리등문제；（5）각지구간비교，화동지구재향촌생태경관건설방면정황최호。침대저사문제，응종개전향촌경관특정평개、치리거민점공심화、가강촌장인거배경화경관건설、창신농전기출설시관호제도、가쾌향촌생태경관화생태수복공정기술연발화응용궤개방면래종합해결。
As the“Beautiful countryside”campaign is carried out nationally, it is important to understand the ecological and landscape prob-lems in different regions, which is helpful for the campaign. Based on a nationwide questionnaire survey on rural environment conducted in 1 107 villages, this paper assessed rural ecological and landscape issues in different regions. The results showed:(1)the investigated villages were not satisfied with their own development in many aspects except the“harmonious livelihood”, and the least satisfied aspect was rural tourism;lack of characters existed in many villages, economic development, ecological and environmental problems needed to improve;(2) the hollowed villages was already a common phenomenon in rural settlements, which could be a potential resource for landscape construction;(3)wastewater discharge and garbage disposal, as well as greening also needed to be improved;(4)problems in farmland ecological and land-scape infrastructures included lack of greening, over hardening of road pavement and ditch revetment, abandonment of ditches, incomplete of shelterbelt network and lack of maintenance;and(5)among regions, rural ecological and landscape condition was the best in East China area. To solve these problems, we recommended several solutions, including promoting research on rural landscape character assessment, remedia-tion of hollowed villages, enhancing the rural human settlement construction, innovating rural environmental and ecological stewardship regimes, and facilitating research and application on rural landscape and ecological rehabilitation engineering projects.