CAJ | 학술논문

为连续、系统地研究不同年份丰水期黄河甘宁蒙段表层沉积物中重金属的含量、污染状况和潜在生态风险，在前期工作的基础上，采用三级四步提取法（BCR）和高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱（HR‐ICP‐M S ）对2012年丰水期黄河甘宁蒙段包头浮桥（S2）、石嘴山陶乐镇（S6）和乌金峡（S9）等10个采样点水体表层沉积物中Cd ，Pb ，Cr ，Ni ，Cu ，V ，Co ，Zn和M n九种重金属元素进行含量测定和形态分析，并对重金属元素的污染作出评价。结果表明：各重金属元素在每个采样点分布趋势相同，平均含量顺序依次为：Mn＞V＞Zn＞Cr＞Cu＞Ni＞Pb＞Co＞Cd；表层沉积物中重金属主要以残渣态形式存在，表明重金属的生物有效性低，对环境影响较小；地积累指数法（Igeo ）的评价结果显示Cd元素的 Igeo值最高，对环境污染程度较高，其余元素对环境影响较小，其中M n元素影响最小；富集因子法（EF）评价结果表明，Cd和Cu元素在某些采样点表现为显著富集，尤其是Cd在S5点处EF值高达4.69，表明该点处Cd受人类活动影响较为明显，其余元素均为非富集元素，这与 Igeo评价结果吻合；潜在生态风险指数法（RI）表明，黄河甘宁蒙段S1，S2和S5点的RI值在150～300之间，为中等危害范畴，其余各采样点RI值均小于150，为轻微危害。研究结果为相关部门提供可信的实验数据和理论依据，也为建立该河段泥沙‐污染物输移数学模型和系统研究持久性有毒污染物迁移转化规律及环境评价提供技术支撑。
위련속、계통지연구불동년빈봉수기황하감저몽단표층침적물중중금속적함량、오염상황화잠재생태풍험，재전기공작적기출상，채용삼급사보제취법（BCR）화고분변전감우합등리자체질보（HR‐ICP‐M S ）대2012년봉수기황하감저몽단포두부교（S2）、석취산도악진（S6）화오금협（S9）등10개채양점수체표층침적물중Cd ，Pb ，Cr ，Ni ，Cu ，V ，Co ，Zn화M n구충중금속원소진행함량측정화형태분석，병대중금속원소적오염작출평개。결과표명：각중금속원소재매개채양점분포추세상동，평균함량순서의차위：Mn＞V＞Zn＞Cr＞Cu＞Ni＞Pb＞Co＞Cd；표층침적물중중금속주요이잔사태형식존재，표명중금속적생물유효성저，대배경영향교소；지적루지수법（Igeo ）적평개결과현시Cd원소적 Igeo치최고，대배경오염정도교고，기여원소대배경영향교소，기중M n원소영향최소；부집인자법（EF）평개결과표명，Cd화Cu원소재모사채양점표현위현저부집，우기시Cd재S5점처EF치고체4.69，표명해점처Cd수인류활동영향교위명현，기여원소균위비부집원소，저여 Igeo평개결과문합；잠재생태풍험지수법（RI）표명，황하감저몽단S1，S2화S5점적RI치재150～300지간，위중등위해범주，기여각채양점RI치균소우150，위경미위해。연구결과위상관부문제공가신적실험수거화이론의거，야위건립해하단니사‐오염물수이수학모형화계통연구지구성유독오염물천이전화규률급배경평개제공기술지탱。
In order to continuously study the contents ,pollution condition and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in surface sediments in Gansu ,Ningxia and Inner Mongolia sections of the Yellow River in wet seasons in different years ,the speciation analysis of 9 kinds of heavy metals including Cd ,Pb ,Cr ,Ni ,Cu ,V ,Co ,Zn and Mn ,pollution condition and potential ecologi‐cal risk of heavy metals in surface sediments from 10 sampling sites like Baotoufuqiao (S2) ,Shizuishantaolezhen (S6) and Wu‐jinxia (S9) in Gansu ,Ningxia and Inner Mongolia sections of the Yellow River in 2012 wet season were studied with BCR se‐quential extraction and high resolution inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (HR‐ICP‐MS ) based on our previous works .The results implied that the order of heavy metals average contents in the 10 sediment samples were the same :Mn>V>Zn>Cr>Cu>Ni>Pb>Co>Cd .In the sediments ,heavy metals mainly existed in the form of residual fraction ,which indicated that the bioavailability or environmental impact was low .Results of geo‐accumulation indices (Igeo ) showed that ICdgeo was the lar‐gest among the heavy metals with the strongest pollution ,while IMngeo was the smallest .Enrichment factor (EF) indicated that on‐ly Cd and Cu were enriched at some sampling sites .In S5 ,because EFCd reached 4 .69 ,Cd was affected by human activities obvi‐ously and the result was consistent with Igeo .Potential ecological risk index (RI) implied that the RI values in S1 ,S2 and S5 were between 150 and 300 ,which belonged to moderate polluting degree ,while others were less than 150 ,belonging to light pollution degree .The results of this paper could not only provide reliable experimental data and theoretical basis for the relevant departments ,but also supply the technical support for constructing mathematics model of sediments‐pollutants transport ,sys‐tematically researching the migration and transformation rule of persistent toxic substances and environmental assessment in these reaches .