中国矿业
中國礦業
중국광업
CHINA MINING MAGAZINE
2015年
4期
58-62
,共5页
张彪%张晓文%李密%唐东山%吕俊文%谭文发
張彪%張曉文%李密%唐東山%呂俊文%譚文髮
장표%장효문%리밀%당동산%려준문%담문발
铀尾矿%污染%治理方法%放射性
鈾尾礦%汙染%治理方法%放射性
유미광%오염%치리방법%방사성
uranium tailings%pollution%treatment method%radioactivity
近年来,随着核工业的不断发展,核燃料需求量不断增长,铀矿开采产生的铀尾矿数量持续增加。由于铀尾矿具有放射性核素和重金属含量高、污染范围广和危害隐蔽性的特征,如何高效、安全的处理铀尾矿已成为核工业领域亟需解决的瓶颈问题。本文通过对比分析国内外铀尾矿治理方法发现:充填法能减少铀尾矿的占地面积,但会使井下的氡析出率变高且容易污染地下水;覆盖法治理效果好,适用范围广,容易和其他方法结合组成综合法,但是成本较高;生物化学法对目标元素的去除效果较好;而综合法虽然应用前景广阔,但目前技术还不成熟。并在此基础上,总结了目前铀尾矿治理中存在的关键问题,提出了针对性的建议,可为今后铀尾矿污染治理及治理新技术的开发提供借鉴意义。
近年來,隨著覈工業的不斷髮展,覈燃料需求量不斷增長,鈾礦開採產生的鈾尾礦數量持續增加。由于鈾尾礦具有放射性覈素和重金屬含量高、汙染範圍廣和危害隱蔽性的特徵,如何高效、安全的處理鈾尾礦已成為覈工業領域亟需解決的瓶頸問題。本文通過對比分析國內外鈾尾礦治理方法髮現:充填法能減少鈾尾礦的佔地麵積,但會使井下的氡析齣率變高且容易汙染地下水;覆蓋法治理效果好,適用範圍廣,容易和其他方法結閤組成綜閤法,但是成本較高;生物化學法對目標元素的去除效果較好;而綜閤法雖然應用前景廣闊,但目前技術還不成熟。併在此基礎上,總結瞭目前鈾尾礦治理中存在的關鍵問題,提齣瞭針對性的建議,可為今後鈾尾礦汙染治理及治理新技術的開髮提供藉鑒意義。
근년래,수착핵공업적불단발전,핵연료수구량불단증장,유광개채산생적유미광수량지속증가。유우유미광구유방사성핵소화중금속함량고、오염범위엄화위해은폐성적특정,여하고효、안전적처리유미광이성위핵공업영역극수해결적병경문제。본문통과대비분석국내외유미광치리방법발현:충전법능감소유미광적점지면적,단회사정하적동석출솔변고차용역오염지하수;복개법치리효과호,괄용범위엄,용역화기타방법결합조성종합법,단시성본교고;생물화학법대목표원소적거제효과교호;이종합법수연응용전경엄활,단목전기술환불성숙。병재차기출상,총결료목전유미광치리중존재적관건문제,제출료침대성적건의,가위금후유미광오염치리급치리신기술적개발제공차감의의。
With the development of nuclear industry and the increasing demand of nuclear fuel ,more and more uranium tailings which contain large amount of radionuclide and heavy metals are left after the exploitation ,bring pollution in a wider area and have hidden hazards .Disposing uranium tailings effectively and safely has become a key problem to be solved urgently in nuclear industry .Based on the contrast analysis of the latest literature of uranium tailings treatment techniques around the world ,It was found that the back‐filling method can reduce the footprint of uranium tailings ,but will make underground radon exhalation rate higher and easily contaminate groundwater ;the covering method has the advantages of good effect ,wide applicability and facility in conjunction with other methods except for a higher cost ;the bio‐chemical method remediation can better remove object elements ;the comprehensive treatment method is a immature technology with broad application prospects .On this basis ,some key problems in dealing with uranium tailings are summarized and corresponding suggestions are put forward ,which can provide helpful reference for future uranium tailings pollution treatment and new treatment technologies development .