北京教育学院学报（自然科学版）
北京教育學院學報（自然科學版）
북경교육학원학보（자연과학판）
BEIJING JIAOYU XUEYUAN XUEBAO（ZIRAN KEXUE BAN）
2015年
1期
39-43
,共5页
数学问题解决%认知模式%小学低年级%错题分析
數學問題解決%認知模式%小學低年級%錯題分析
수학문제해결%인지모식%소학저년급%착제분석
mathematical problems solving%cognitive model%compulsory education%error analy- sis%teaching inspiration
分析和解决数学问题是低年级数学学习的重点和难点，通过纠正错题学习数学是提高学生分析和解决问题能力的有效途径。从数学问题解决认知模式的角度分析，可能导致低年级学生解题错误的原因有：忽略符号含义，目标状态不明确；混合概念模型识别困难；工作记忆干扰解题监控；欠缺解题迁移能力。因此，在教学中要明确符号含义，建立符号意识；以身体动作帮助概念识别；用有效交流与反思促进解题迁移；通过动手操作增强解题过程监控并培养良好的做题习惯。
分析和解決數學問題是低年級數學學習的重點和難點，通過糾正錯題學習數學是提高學生分析和解決問題能力的有效途徑。從數學問題解決認知模式的角度分析，可能導緻低年級學生解題錯誤的原因有：忽略符號含義，目標狀態不明確；混閤概唸模型識彆睏難；工作記憶榦擾解題鑑控；欠缺解題遷移能力。因此，在教學中要明確符號含義，建立符號意識；以身體動作幫助概唸識彆；用有效交流與反思促進解題遷移；通過動手操作增彊解題過程鑑控併培養良好的做題習慣。
분석화해결수학문제시저년급수학학습적중점화난점，통과규정착제학습수학시제고학생분석화해결문제능력적유효도경。종수학문제해결인지모식적각도분석，가능도치저년급학생해제착오적원인유：홀략부호함의，목표상태불명학；혼합개념모형식별곤난；공작기억간우해제감공；흠결해제천이능력。인차，재교학중요명학부호함의，건립부호의식；이신체동작방조개념식별；용유효교류여반사촉진해제천이；통과동수조작증강해제과정감공병배양량호적주제습관。
Analyzing and solving mathematical problems is the key and also difficult point in low grade mathematics learning, and learning mathematics by correcting the errors is an effective way to im—prove students, ability of analyzing and solving problems. From the perspective of mathematical problem solving cognitive mode, this article analyz the possible reasons that may lead to errors in low grade stu—dents, mathematics learning: neglecting meanings of mathematical notations and thus being unclear about the target, having difficuly in identifying hybrid concept model, interference of working memory on prob—lem solving monitoring, and lack of transfer ability in problem solving. Therefore, some strategies in teach—ing are suggested as follows: emphasizing meanings and thus help students realizing the importance of mathematical notations, usage of body movements to help identifying of concepts, improvement of stu—dents, transfer ability based on effective communication and reflection, encouraging hands_on exercises to improve monitoring in problem solving, and cultivating good habits in mathematical exercises.
