河北农业科学
河北農業科學
하북농업과학
JOURNAL OF HEBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
2015年
3期
66-69
,共4页
小麦%抗旱育种%高产育种%拔节期%灌溉
小麥%抗旱育種%高產育種%拔節期%灌溉
소맥%항한육충%고산육충%발절기%관개
Wheat%Drought-resist breeding%High-yield breeding%Jointing stage%Irrigation
华北地区水资源严重不足已经明显影响了该区的经济发展和人们的正常生活。其中农业灌溉用水量巨大,而小麦为该区主要的灌溉用水作物,因此,培育和应用节水小麦品种是缓解该区淡水危机的重要途径。作者通过分析小麦生长需水规律和华北地区降水特点,在小麦全生育期只浇1水的条件下,比较了不同时间灌水对小麦生物学形成量和籽粒产量的影响,提出了选育抗旱丰产小麦新品种的“拔节灌溉选择法”,即:在自然条件下,小麦全生育期只灌溉1次,灌溉时间为拔节期,根据小麦生长的综合表现,选留生长茂盛,生物学产量和籽粒产量都高的单株或株系。利用该方法经过十几年的选择,育成了系列节水丰产小麦新品种。
華北地區水資源嚴重不足已經明顯影響瞭該區的經濟髮展和人們的正常生活。其中農業灌溉用水量巨大,而小麥為該區主要的灌溉用水作物,因此,培育和應用節水小麥品種是緩解該區淡水危機的重要途徑。作者通過分析小麥生長需水規律和華北地區降水特點,在小麥全生育期隻澆1水的條件下,比較瞭不同時間灌水對小麥生物學形成量和籽粒產量的影響,提齣瞭選育抗旱豐產小麥新品種的“拔節灌溉選擇法”,即:在自然條件下,小麥全生育期隻灌溉1次,灌溉時間為拔節期,根據小麥生長的綜閤錶現,選留生長茂盛,生物學產量和籽粒產量都高的單株或株繫。利用該方法經過十幾年的選擇,育成瞭繫列節水豐產小麥新品種。
화북지구수자원엄중불족이경명현영향료해구적경제발전화인문적정상생활。기중농업관개용수량거대,이소맥위해구주요적관개용수작물,인차,배육화응용절수소맥품충시완해해구담수위궤적중요도경。작자통과분석소맥생장수수규률화화북지구강수특점,재소맥전생육기지요1수적조건하,비교료불동시간관수대소맥생물학형성량화자립산량적영향,제출료선육항한봉산소맥신품충적“발절관개선택법”,즉:재자연조건하,소맥전생육기지관개1차,관개시간위발절기,근거소맥생장적종합표현,선류생장무성,생물학산량화자립산량도고적단주혹주계。이용해방법경과십궤년적선택,육성료계렬절수봉산소맥신품충。
Lack of water resource greatly effects the daily life and economy developing of residents in North China. Agricultural irragation requires huge amount of water and wheat is the main irregation-required crop in this area, so breeding and applying water-saving wheat varieties is a very important way to relief water shortage.In this paper, after analyzing water requirement in wheat growing period and local precipitation patterns and researching the effects of different irrigation time to wheat biological accumulation and kernel yield when irregated only once during its whole life, the irrigation breeding method in jointing stage to breed water-saving and high-yield wheat varieties was proposed, in which wheat would be irrigated only once in jointing stage under the natural environments and based on the wheat growing status, well-developed plants and lines which also had high biological yield and kernel yield were selected.After applying this method more than ten years, a series of novel water-saving and high-yield wheat varieties were bred successfully.