CAJ | 학술논문

为进一步突破夏玉米单产提供理论依据和技术支撑，以高产夏玉米品种天泰33为试材，采用裂区试验设计，以种植密度为主区、施氮量为副区，探讨了不同种植密度（60000、67500、75000、82500、90000株／hm2）和施氮量（0、180、270、360、450、540 kg／hm2）对高产夏玉米产量、干物质积累及氮素利用效率的影响。结果表明：随着种植密度的增加，玉米籽粒产量和群体干物质积累量显著提高，当密植超过82500株／hm 2时增产趋势减缓甚至略减。随着施氮量的增加，植株氮素转运量、花后氮素同化量和氮素转运效率均呈先上升后下降趋势，氮素运转对籽粒贡献率在低密度（60000株／hm 2）和高密度（82500株／hm 2、90000株／hm 2）条件下呈先增后减趋势，而在中密度（67500株／hm2、75000株／hm2）条件下呈上升趋势。增施氮肥，氮肥偏生产力显著下降，总氮素积累量、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥利用率和氮素收获指数呈先升后降趋势。本试验条件下，适当增加种植密度和提高氮肥施用量，可以显著提高玉米的籽粒产量和氮素利用效率。天泰33号获得高产且氮肥利用效率较合理的适宜种植密度为75000～90000株／hm2、施氮量为360～450 kg／hm2。
위진일보돌파하옥미단산제공이론의거화기술지탱，이고산하옥미품충천태33위시재，채용렬구시험설계，이충식밀도위주구、시담량위부구，탐토료불동충식밀도（60000、67500、75000、82500、90000주／hm2）화시담량（0、180、270、360、450、540 kg／hm2）대고산하옥미산량、간물질적루급담소이용효솔적영향。결과표명：수착충식밀도적증가，옥미자립산량화군체간물질적루량현저제고，당밀식초과82500주／hm 2시증산추세감완심지략감。수착시담량적증가，식주담소전운량、화후담소동화량화담소전운효솔균정선상승후하강추세，담소운전대자립공헌솔재저밀도（60000주／hm 2）화고밀도（82500주／hm 2、90000주／hm 2）조건하정선증후감추세，이재중밀도（67500주／hm2、75000주／hm2）조건하정상승추세。증시담비，담비편생산력현저하강，총담소적루량、담비농학이용솔、담비이용솔화담소수획지수정선승후강추세。본시험조건하，괄당증가충식밀도화제고담비시용량，가이현저제고옥미적자립산량화담소이용효솔。천태33호획득고산차담비이용효솔교합리적괄의충식밀도위75000～90000주／hm2、시담량위360～450 kg／hm2。
The purpose of this research was to reveal the effects of planting density and different nitrogen rate on grain yield, dry matter accumulation and nitrogen utilization efficiency of high yield summer maize , and provide basisin theory and technique for further breaking through yield of summer maize .Selecting Tiantai 33as experiment material,the study was conducted with six nitrogen application levels (0, 180, 270, 360, 450 and 540 kg/hm2) and five planting densities (60 000, 67 500, 75 000, 82 500, 90 000 plants/hm2 ) .The results showed that within limits the increase of planting densities could significantly increase maize yield and total dry matter accumulation.Beyond one density ( 82 500 plants/hm2 ) conditions, the increase of maize yield slowed down or even slightly reduced.The amount of nitrogen transition, assimilating amount of nitrogen after anthesis, nitrogen <br> increase of nitrogen rate could significantly reduce the nitrogen partial factor productivity, total nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen agronomy efficiency, nitrogen utilizationefficiency and nitrogen harvest index were up after a decline.In conclusion, under this experimental field condition, the appropriate increase of planting density and nitrogen rate could greatly improve grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency.The most optimal planting density and nitrogen rate are 75 000 -90 000 plants /hm2, 360-450 kg/hm2, respectively, for higher grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency.