CAJ | 학술논문

研究限量供水与地膜覆盖对玉米产量的耦合效应,对于充实干旱内陆灌区水资源高效利用理论具有重要意义。在甘肃河西石羊河流域通过田间试验研究了不同覆膜方式(全膜覆盖、半膜覆盖和未覆膜)和不同灌水水平(7200、6450和5700 m3 hm–2)对玉米产量的影响。结果表明,地膜覆盖方式与灌水量对玉米籽粒产量、收获指数、双穗率、穗粒数、粒重及水分利用效率有显著影响,且二者互作效应显著。全膜覆盖高、中灌水量条件下,玉米籽粒产量分别达到13275.5 kg hm–2和12880.5 kg hm–2,显著高于同等灌水量的半膜覆盖和未覆膜处理,增幅达7.0%~31.0%。全膜覆盖条件下,玉米水分利用效率达到16.9 kg mm–1 hm–2,较半膜覆盖和未覆膜处理分别高12.7%和6.3%,差异显著。全膜覆盖结合高灌水量玉米的双穗率、穗粒数和粒重在各处理中均表现最高,分别达到23.9%、658.6粒穗–1和36.4 g 100粒–1。全膜和半膜覆盖条件下,高灌水量处理玉米全生育期平均叶面积指数(LAI)分别达到2.8和2.7,显著高于对应低灌水处理,中等灌水量处理与低灌水量处理的平均LAI差异不显著；全膜高灌水处理0~30 cm土壤含水量和0~25 cm土层＞0℃积温分别达到23.9%和3717.9℃,显著高于其他各处理。通径分析结果进一步说明,地膜覆盖主要是通过提高双穗率、增加叶面积指数提高了玉米粒重和穗粒数,从而提高玉米籽粒产量,进而双穗率、平均叶面积指数的提高均可归因于耕层土壤水热状况的改善。
연구한량공수여지막복개대옥미산량적우합효응,대우충실간한내륙관구수자원고효이용이론구유중요의의。재감숙하서석양하류역통과전간시험연구료불동복막방식(전막복개、반막복개화미복막)화불동관수수평(7200、6450화5700 m3 hm–2)대옥미산량적영향。결과표명,지막복개방식여관수량대옥미자립산량、수획지수、쌍수솔、수립수、립중급수분이용효솔유현저영향,차이자호작효응현저。전막복개고、중관수량조건하,옥미자립산량분별체도13275.5 kg hm–2화12880.5 kg hm–2,현저고우동등관수량적반막복개화미복막처리,증폭체7.0%~31.0%。전막복개조건하,옥미수분이용효솔체도16.9 kg mm–1 hm–2,교반막복개화미복막처리분별고12.7%화6.3%,차이현저。전막복개결합고관수량옥미적쌍수솔、수립수화립중재각처리중균표현최고,분별체도23.9%、658.6립수–1화36.4 g 100립–1。전막화반막복개조건하,고관수량처리옥미전생육기평균협면적지수(LAI)분별체도2.8화2.7,현저고우대응저관수처리,중등관수량처리여저관수량처리적평균LAI차이불현저；전막고관수처리0~30 cm토양함수량화0~25 cm토층＞0℃적온분별체도23.9%화3717.9℃,현저고우기타각처리。통경분석결과진일보설명,지막복개주요시통과제고쌍수솔、증가협면적지수제고료옥미립중화수립수,종이제고옥미자립산량,진이쌍수솔、평균협면적지수적제고균가귀인우경층토양수열상황적개선。
The knowledge on coupling effect of plastic film mulching and limited water supply on corn yield in inland irrigation area is essential in developing effective cropping systems. A field experiment was conducted to reveal yield formation process and mechanism of corn under different plastic film mulching patterns (full-film, half-film and no mulching) and irrigation quota treatments (7200, 6450, and 5700 m3 ha–1) in Shiyanghe River Basin of Gansu Hexi Corridor. The results showed that plastic film mulching patterns and irrigation levels had significant effect on grain yield, harvest index, double-ear rate, seed number per ear, seed weight and water use efficiency(WUE). The grain yield reached 13 275.5 and 12 880.5 kg ha–1 under full-film mulching with high and moderate irrigation levels, respectively, which was 7.0% to 31.0% higher than that under half-film mulching and no mulching with the same irrigation level.The WUE reached 16.9 kg mm–1 hm–2 under full-film mulching treatment, which was 12.7%and 6.3%higher than that under half-film mulching and no mulching treatments, respectively. Full-film mulching with high irrigation level had the greatest double-ear rate, seed number per ear and seed weight, which were 23.9%, 658.6 per ear, and 36.4 g per 100 grain respectively. The average leaf area index (LAI) achieved 2.8 and 2.7 under full-film and half-film mulching with high irrigation level, respectively, which were significantly higher than that with low irrigation level. Moreover, soil water content in the soil layer from 0 to 30 cm and accumulated soil temperature of 0 to 25 cm was up to 23.9%and 3717.9℃, which was sig-nificantly higher than those in other treatments. It can be concluded that plastic film mulching increased the grain yield by im-proving seed number per ear and seed weight, resulting from the enhancement of double-ear rate and average LAI due to improv-ing soil thermal characteristics.