CAJ | 학술논문

目的评价工作有关的肌肉骨骼疾患(work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WRMDs)对职业人群工作能力水平的影响.方法采用整群随机抽样的方法抽取行政管理、教育等行业的在职职工1 686人作为研究样本.采用标准化北欧国家肌肉骨骼系统症状分析量表和工作能力指数(WorkAbility Index,WAI)量表,对1 686例研究对象进行WRMDs评价和工作能力测量.采用成组设计的t检验、行列表x2检验、成组设计两样本比较的秩和检验(Wilcoxon两样本比较法)进行患病组与非患病组工作能力及其分级比较.工作能力随工龄变化趋势采用Spearman相关分析和多水平模型分析.结果 (1)患病组职工工作能力均低于非患病组(P＜0.01).(2)不同工龄段(＜10年、10年～和≥20年)职工工作能力有差异(F=22.124,P＜0.01);患病组和非患病组工作能力随工龄增长均呈逐步降低趋势,且患病组(Spearman相关系数rs=-0.172,P＜0.01)下降幅度大于非患病组(Spearman相关系数rs=-0.104,P＜0.01);WRMDs是职工工作能力减退的重要危险因素.(3)非患病组与患病组职工工作能力分级构成比不同(x2=121.097,P＜0.01),且两组之间工作能力分级存在程度上的差别(Z=-10.699,P＜0.01),患病组工作能力“差”、“中”者明显高于非患病组,而工作能力“优”者明显低于非患病组.各劳动类型非患病组与患病组工作能力分级构成比、分级程度也表现出类似特征(P＜0.01).结论 WRMDs对职工工作能力具有损害作用,且暴露时间(工龄)越长工作能力下降越明显.
목적 평개공작유관적기육골격질환(work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WRMDs)대직업인군공작능력수평적영향.방법 채용정군수궤추양적방법추취행정관리、교육등행업적재직직공1 686인작위연구양본.채용표준화북구국가기육골격계통증상분석량표화공작능력지수(WorkAbility Index,WAI)량표,대1 686례연구대상진행WRMDs평개화공작능력측량.채용성조설계적t검험、행렬표x2검험、성조설계량양본비교적질화검험(Wilcoxon량양본비교법)진행환병조여비환 병조공작능력급기분급비교.공작능력수공령변화추세채용Spearman상관분석화다수평모형분석.결과 (1)환병조직공공작능력균저우비환병조(P＜0.01).(2)불동공령단(＜10년、10년～화≥20년)직공공작능력유차이(F=22.124,P＜0.01);환병조화비환병조공작능력수공령증장균정축보강저추세,차환병조(Spearman상관계수rs=-0.172,P＜0.01)하강폭도대우비환병조(Spearman상관계수rs=-0.104,P＜0.01);WRMDs시직공공작능력감퇴적중요위험인소.(3)비환병조여환병조직공공작능력분급구성비불동(x2=121.097,P＜0.01),차량조지간공작능력분급존재정도상적차별(Z=-10.699,P＜0.01),환병조공작능력“차”、“중”자명현고우비환병조,이공작능력“우”자명현저우비환병조.각노동류형비환병조여환병조공작능력분급구성비、분급정도야표현출유사특정(P＜0.01).결론 WRMDs대직공공작능력구유손해작용,차폭로시간(공령)월장공작능력하강월명현.
Objective To assess the impact of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) on work ability among workers.Methods A total of 1686 workers in various occupations,such as administration and education,were enrolled as subjects using the random cluster sampling method.The WRMDs and work ability of all subjects were evaluated using standardized Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms and the Work Ability Index (WAI) scale,respectively.Comparison of work ability and its classification between the disease group and the non-disease group was performed by paired t test,R×C table x2 test,and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.The relationship between work duration and work ability was analyzed by the Spearman correlation test and a multi-level model.Results (1) The work ability of workers in the disease group was significantly lower than that in the non-disease group (P＜0.01).(2) There were significant differences in work ability between workers with different work durations (＜10 years,10～20 years,and ≥20 years) (F=22.124,P＜ 0.01).With the increase in work duration,the work ability of workers declined in both groups,and the work ability of workers in the disease group (Spearman coefficient rs=-0.172,P＜0.01) had a more significant decline than that in the non-disease group (Spearman coefficient r,=-0.104,P＜0.01).WRMDs were important risk factors for the decrease in work ability among workers.(3) There were significant differences in constituent ratios and levels of work ability classification between the disease group and the non-disease group (x2=121.097,P＜0.01;Z=-10.699,P＜0.01).The proportions of workers with poor and medium work ability in the disease group were significantly higher than those in the non-disease group,while the proportion of works with excellent work ability in the disease group was significantly lower than that in the non-disease group.The similar characteristics in constituent ratios and levels of work ability classification could be found between the disease group and the nondisease group in various occupations (P＜0.01).Conclusion WRMDs have a harmful effect on the work ability of workers,and the work ability of workers substantially declines with the increase in exposure time (work duration).