CAJ | 학술논문

2011年1·25革命爆发，埃及总统穆巴拉克被迫下台，国家权力被移交给军方，埃及进入政治转型时期。短短的三年时间，埃及先后中止两部宪法，废弃两次宪法声明，举行三次宪法公投，推翻两位总统又选举出两位总统，埃及的宪制改革由变生乱入困，矛盾丛生，宪法危机跌宕起伏。其要因在于埃及军方、穆兄会、世俗派等政治和宗教势力围绕着权力分配进行了一场尖锐的权力斗争，折射出埃及宪制发展曲折复杂的演进态势。其启示在于：西方宪政模式不可照搬，培育民族特色的本土宪法文化至关重要；公投民主的合法性与相对性并存，并非济世良方；埃及军方的威权统治是一把双刃剑，既带来稳定，也破坏宪制秩序；教俗冲突需要理性对待，宗教势力须关进制度的笼子里；推进温和渐进式的改革当成为未来宪制发展的首选。
2011년1·25혁명폭발，애급총통목파랍극피박하태，국가권력피이교급군방，애급진입정치전형시기。단단적삼년시간，애급선후중지량부헌법，폐기량차헌법성명，거행삼차헌법공투，추번량위총통우선거출량위총통，애급적헌제개혁유변생란입곤，모순총생，헌법위궤질탕기복。기요인재우애급군방、목형회、세속파등정치화종교세력위요착권력분배진행료일장첨예적권력두쟁，절사출애급헌제발전곡절복잡적연진태세。기계시재우：서방헌정모식불가조반，배육민족특색적본토헌법문화지관중요；공투민주적합법성여상대성병존，병비제세량방；애급군방적위권통치시일파쌍인검，기대래은정，야파배헌제질서；교속충돌수요이성대대，종교세력수관진제도적롱자리；추진온화점진식적개혁당성위미래헌제발전적수선。
In the three years from the eruption of the Revolution of January the 25th in 2011 to Sethi’s coming into power in June 2014, Egypt suspended two constitutions early or later, abandoned two constitutional declarations, held three constitutional referendums,overturned two presidents and elected two presidents,and the Egyptian political situation developed from the transforming period to the turmoil situation,and finally immersed into predicament. The main reason is that the constitution is taken as an edge tool for the power by the political and religious forces,such as the Egyptian army,Muslim Brotherhood,and the secular faction. The enlightenment of Egyptian constitutionalism predicament is that the western constitutional pattern doesn’t have the universal nature;the referendum democracy can not always be help-ful;the military intervention can be a two-edged sword, the conflicts between the church and the secular should be treated rationally, and the religious forces must be thrown into the cage of system;the safety and the people’s liveli-hood are the appeals of the present constitutionalism, and the moderate gradual reform is the first choice for Egyptian future development of constitutionalism.