CAJ | 학술논문

【目的】油茶产量与春梢的生长状态密切相关，探讨春梢生长与水肥之间的关系可为油茶水肥管理提供科学依据。【方法】在测土配方的基础上针对氮、磷、钾和水4个因子的用量，分别设置5个梯度水平，并采用二次回归通用旋转组合设计试验处理，在江西九江高产无性系油茶成林中开展了水肥试验，通过测定油茶春梢长度、梢直径和叶面积，分析油茶春梢生长的水肥需求规律，筛选出最佳的水肥栽培方案。【结果】在试验用量范围内，适量的氮和水的对油茶春梢伸长生长有明显的促进作用，而磷、钾影响较小。氮、磷、钾、水4个因子对梢直径和叶面积的增加均有显著促进作用，但用量不宜过大。氮与磷、氮与钾、氮与水、磷与水互作对梢长有明显耦合效应；当氮肥水平较低时，适量增施磷肥促进春梢伸长，增施钾肥影响不明显，当氮肥用量较大时，增施磷肥表现为拮抗效应，适量增施钾肥表现为正向耦合效应；氮素或水对油茶春梢伸长生长的促进作用均存在阈值，在阈值范围内两者能产生正向协同耦合效应；水分不足时，磷肥能抵御干旱胁迫的伤害，促进春梢伸长生长，水分充足时，磷肥肥效难以发挥，过量施用造成肥料浪费。一定用量范围内，氮与钾互作对梢直径有明显正向耦合效应，但用量过大则促进效果不明显。【结论】氮、磷、钾、水4个因子均为变量时，以春梢长、梢直径和叶面积接近最大值为目标优化出的水肥方案为：全年每株油茶增施有效养分 N 160 g，P2 O560 g，K2 O 252 g、灌水25 kg。
【목적】유다산량여춘소적생장상태밀절상관，탐토춘소생장여수비지간적관계가위유다수비관리제공과학의거。【방법】재측토배방적기출상침대담、린、갑화수4개인자적용량，분별설치5개제도수평，병채용이차회귀통용선전조합설계시험처리，재강서구강고산무성계유다성림중개전료수비시험，통과측정유다춘소장도、소직경화협면적，분석유다춘소생장적수비수구규률，사선출최가적수비재배방안。【결과】재시험용량범위내，괄량적담화수적대유다춘소신장생장유명현적촉진작용，이린、갑영향교소。담、린、갑、수4개인자대소직경화협면적적증가균유현저촉진작용，단용량불의과대。담여린、담여갑、담여수、린여수호작대소장유명현우합효응；당담비수평교저시，괄량증시린비촉진춘소신장，증시갑비영향불명현，당담비용량교대시，증시린비표현위길항효응，괄량증시갑비표현위정향우합효응；담소혹수대유다춘소신장생장적촉진작용균존재역치，재역치범위내량자능산생정향협동우합효응；수분불족시，린비능저어간한협박적상해，촉진춘소신장생장，수분충족시，린비비효난이발휘，과량시용조성비료낭비。일정용량범위내，담여갑호작대소직경유명현정향우합효응，단용량과대칙촉진효과불명현。【결론】담、린、갑、수4개인자균위변량시，이춘소장、소직경화협면적접근최대치위목표우화출적수비방안위：전년매주유다증시유효양분 N 160 g，P2 O560 g，K2 O 252 g、관수25 kg。
Objective]Camellia oleifera Abel is a China’s endemic species of woody edible oil,its production is closely related to the growth of the spring shoots. Investigation of the relationship between the growth of spring shoots and fertility and water can provide a scientific basis for the management of water and fertilizer of C. oleifera. [Method]In order to study the effects of water and fertilizers on the spring-shoots of C. oleifera,five levels of nitrogen,phosphorus, potassium and irrigation were set by using quadratic general rotary unitized design and the length,diameter and leaf area of the spring-shoots were measured in a high yield mature clonal forest of C. oleifera. [Results]The result showed that in the range of the tested amounts,the appropriate amounts of nitrogen and irrigation significantly promoted elongation of spring-shoots,but phosphorus and potassium had no obvious effects on the shoot length. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and irrigation were able to significantly improve the shoot diameter and leaf area,but the applied amount should be controlled at a certain range. There were obvious coupling effects of nitrogen and phosphorus,nitrogen and potassium,nitrogen and irrigation,phosphorus and irrigation on the shoot length. At low nitrogen levels,increasing Phosphorus promoted the spring shoot to elongate,but further increase in Potassium over a given amount did not have any obvious effect on the growth. At higher nitrogen levels,increasing Phosphorus exerted an antagonistic effect,but more Potassium showed positive coupling effect. There were thresholds for the amount of Nitrogen or water in terms of promotion of spring shoot elongation,and within the threshold,they were able to produce positive and synergistic coupling effect. In water deficit,Phosphorus fertilizing could withstand the injury of drought stress,and promoted the growth of spring shoots elongation. However,when water was sufficient,the Phosphorus was hard to exert its influence, and its excessive application resulted in waste. Within a certain amount of scope,the interactions of nitrogen and potassium had significant positive coupling effects on the diameter growth of spring shoots,but when their amounts were excessive,the effects were not obvious. [Conclusion]When the four factors of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and irrigation all were variables,an optimized program of water and fertilizers was made by using the values of shoot length, shoot diameter and leaf area close to the greatest as the goal,that is,effective N 160 g,P2 O5 60 g,K2 O 252 g and irrigation 25 kg to each plant annually.