林业科学
林業科學
임업과학
SCIENTIA SILVAE SINICAE
2015年
4期
141-147
,共7页
宋秀华%李传荣%许景伟%胡丁猛%王超
宋秀華%李傳榮%許景偉%鬍丁猛%王超
송수화%리전영%허경위%호정맹%왕초
元宝枫%雪松%挥发物%昼夜节律
元寶楓%雪鬆%揮髮物%晝夜節律
원보풍%설송%휘발물%주야절률
Acer truncatum%Cedrus deodara%volatile compounds%diurnal cycle
【目的】元宝枫、雪松是华北地区常见的绿化树种,阔叶树和针叶树的典型代表,研究其挥发物释放规律并分析其对环境的影响,通过树种合理配置,科学指导绿地游憩林建设,创造更有利于人体健康的绿地环境。【方法】采用固相微萃取结合气质联用仪( SPME-GC-MS),选择生长健康的多年生元宝枫、雪松植株,摘取当年生向阳叶片与枝叶,在7月中旬从8:00—次日5:00,每隔3 h测定其挥发物成分与含量,同时同步测定植株生长环境的温度与湿度。采用 SPSS软件对各数据进行整理分析。【结果】1)元宝枫叶片挥发物主要成分是 C6,C8的酯、醇、醛和萜烯类化合物,乙酸叶醇酯、乙酸己酯、3-己烯醇、3-己烯醛和β-石竹烯约占挥发物总量的70.0%以上,使叶片呈现青叶香。各化合物的释放规律不同,主要成分 C8酯类化合物释放高峰在14:00,低谷在5:00; C15倍半萜类化合物释放呈现“2峰2谷”型,高峰在17:00和5:00左右,低谷出现在8:00和23:00左右。相关分析表明,3-己烯醛与3-己烯醇极显著正相关,乙酸叶醇酯与3-己烯醛、3-己烯醇极显著负相关,其他挥发物间无显著相关。2)雪松枝叶挥发物主要是萜烯类物质,相对含量达84.0%以上,主要成分是α、β-蒎烯、β-月桂烯、D -柠檬烯、β-石竹烯、吉马烯 D,使雪松枝叶呈现树脂香。各化合物的释放规律亦不同,大多数单萜物质如α、β-蒎烯、β-月桂烯、D-柠檬烯等,释放高峰在14:00左右,低谷出现在23:00—次日2:00;倍半萜类物质如β-石竹烯、吉马烯 D释放高峰在17:00和2:00,23:00和5:00则达最低。相关分析表明,α、β-蒎烯、β-月桂烯、D -柠檬烯等4种单萜化合物相关性较高;β-石竹烯与吉马烯 D 极显著相关,与单萜无显著相关。3)挥发物的释放除具有昼夜节律外也受到外界环境的影响,相关分析表明,挥发物总峰面积与温度呈正相关,与相对湿度呈负相关。【结论】元宝枫叶片挥发物以 C8的酯类为主,雪松枝叶挥发物以 C10,C15的萜烯类为主,这与挥发物合成途径有关,各挥发物释放具有不同的昼夜节律性。通常在一定范围内随温度升高、相对湿度减小,挥发物释放量增加。
【目的】元寶楓、雪鬆是華北地區常見的綠化樹種,闊葉樹和針葉樹的典型代錶,研究其揮髮物釋放規律併分析其對環境的影響,通過樹種閤理配置,科學指導綠地遊憩林建設,創造更有利于人體健康的綠地環境。【方法】採用固相微萃取結閤氣質聯用儀( SPME-GC-MS),選擇生長健康的多年生元寶楓、雪鬆植株,摘取噹年生嚮暘葉片與枝葉,在7月中旬從8:00—次日5:00,每隔3 h測定其揮髮物成分與含量,同時同步測定植株生長環境的溫度與濕度。採用 SPSS軟件對各數據進行整理分析。【結果】1)元寶楓葉片揮髮物主要成分是 C6,C8的酯、醇、醛和萜烯類化閤物,乙痠葉醇酯、乙痠己酯、3-己烯醇、3-己烯醛和β-石竹烯約佔揮髮物總量的70.0%以上,使葉片呈現青葉香。各化閤物的釋放規律不同,主要成分 C8酯類化閤物釋放高峰在14:00,低穀在5:00; C15倍半萜類化閤物釋放呈現“2峰2穀”型,高峰在17:00和5:00左右,低穀齣現在8:00和23:00左右。相關分析錶明,3-己烯醛與3-己烯醇極顯著正相關,乙痠葉醇酯與3-己烯醛、3-己烯醇極顯著負相關,其他揮髮物間無顯著相關。2)雪鬆枝葉揮髮物主要是萜烯類物質,相對含量達84.0%以上,主要成分是α、β-蒎烯、β-月桂烯、D -檸檬烯、β-石竹烯、吉馬烯 D,使雪鬆枝葉呈現樹脂香。各化閤物的釋放規律亦不同,大多數單萜物質如α、β-蒎烯、β-月桂烯、D-檸檬烯等,釋放高峰在14:00左右,低穀齣現在23:00—次日2:00;倍半萜類物質如β-石竹烯、吉馬烯 D釋放高峰在17:00和2:00,23:00和5:00則達最低。相關分析錶明,α、β-蒎烯、β-月桂烯、D -檸檬烯等4種單萜化閤物相關性較高;β-石竹烯與吉馬烯 D 極顯著相關,與單萜無顯著相關。3)揮髮物的釋放除具有晝夜節律外也受到外界環境的影響,相關分析錶明,揮髮物總峰麵積與溫度呈正相關,與相對濕度呈負相關。【結論】元寶楓葉片揮髮物以 C8的酯類為主,雪鬆枝葉揮髮物以 C10,C15的萜烯類為主,這與揮髮物閤成途徑有關,各揮髮物釋放具有不同的晝夜節律性。通常在一定範圍內隨溫度升高、相對濕度減小,揮髮物釋放量增加。
【목적】원보풍、설송시화북지구상견적녹화수충,활협수화침협수적전형대표,연구기휘발물석방규률병분석기대배경적영향,통과수충합리배치,과학지도록지유게림건설,창조경유리우인체건강적록지배경。【방법】채용고상미췌취결합기질련용의( SPME-GC-MS),선택생장건강적다년생원보풍、설송식주,적취당년생향양협편여지협,재7월중순종8:00—차일5:00,매격3 h측정기휘발물성분여함량,동시동보측정식주생장배경적온도여습도。채용 SPSS연건대각수거진행정리분석。【결과】1)원보풍협편휘발물주요성분시 C6,C8적지、순、철화첩희류화합물,을산협순지、을산기지、3-기희순、3-기희철화β-석죽희약점휘발물총량적70.0%이상,사협편정현청협향。각화합물적석방규률불동,주요성분 C8지류화합물석방고봉재14:00,저곡재5:00; C15배반첩류화합물석방정현“2봉2곡”형,고봉재17:00화5:00좌우,저곡출현재8:00화23:00좌우。상관분석표명,3-기희철여3-기희순겁현저정상관,을산협순지여3-기희철、3-기희순겁현저부상관,기타휘발물간무현저상관。2)설송지협휘발물주요시첩희류물질,상대함량체84.0%이상,주요성분시α、β-파희、β-월계희、D -저몽희、β-석죽희、길마희 D,사설송지협정현수지향。각화합물적석방규률역불동,대다수단첩물질여α、β-파희、β-월계희、D-저몽희등,석방고봉재14:00좌우,저곡출현재23:00—차일2:00;배반첩류물질여β-석죽희、길마희 D석방고봉재17:00화2:00,23:00화5:00칙체최저。상관분석표명,α、β-파희、β-월계희、D -저몽희등4충단첩화합물상관성교고;β-석죽희여길마희 D 겁현저상관,여단첩무현저상관。3)휘발물적석방제구유주야절률외야수도외계배경적영향,상관분석표명,휘발물총봉면적여온도정정상관,여상대습도정부상관。【결론】원보풍협편휘발물이 C8적지류위주,설송지협휘발물이 C10,C15적첩희류위주,저여휘발물합성도경유관,각휘발물석방구유불동적주야절률성。통상재일정범위내수온도승고、상대습도감소,휘발물석방량증가。
Objective]Most volatiles released from green plants have significant physiological activity, such as regulating plant growth,enhancing its resistance,inhibiting the growth of air microorganisms,and also producing different influences on human physiology and psychology. Acer truncatum and Cedrus deodara are common urban greening tree species,typical representative of hardwoods and conifers in Northern China. In this paper,the diurnal rhythm of volatiles released from the two species was detected and the environmental impact of the volatiles was investigated,to provide scientific reference for the urban green space recreation construction by proper tree species configuration and create the green environment more conducive to human health. [Method]The sunward leaves and branches of perennial and heathy A. truncatum and C. deodara were collected,and the volatiles were measured by using the SPME-GC-MS technique every 3 hours from 8:00 to 5:00 in the mid July. At the same time the temperature and humidity of the environment were measured. The SPSS software was used to analyze the data. [Result]1) The C6 and C8 esters,alcohols,aldehydes and terpenes were the dominant components released from A. truncatum. The 3-hexenyl acetate,hexyl acetate,3-hexen-1-ol, 3-hexenal,and β-caryophyllene accounted for 70% of the total volatiles,which made leaves give up the green leaf fragrance. Different compounds had different release patterns. The C8 esters,a major volatile,had the releasing peak at 14:00 ,and the lowest releasing point at 5:00 . The C15 sesquiterpenes appeared two peaks and two valleys of the releases,the peaks were at 17:00 and 5:00,and the valleys were at 8:00 and 23:00,respectively. The correlation analysis showed that there was positive correlation between 3-hexen-1-ol and 3-hexenal,and negative correlations between 3-hexenyl acetate with 3-hexen-1-ol and 3-hexenal. No significant correlations were found between other compounds. 2 ) The volatiles of C. deodara leaves were mainly composed of terpenes which accounted for 84% of the total volatiles. The main components were α,β-pinene,β-myrcene,D-limonene,β-caryophyllene and Germacrene D,which made the branches and leaves give up resin odor. Most of monoterpenes,such as α,β-pinene,β-myrcene,and D-limonene,had their release peaks at 14:00,and the lowest release valleys occurred from 23:00 to 2:00. Most of sesquiterpenes,such asβ-caryophyllene,and Germacrene D,had their release peaks at 17:00 and 2:00,and the release valleys at 23:00 and 5:00. The correlation analysis indicated that there were positive correlations between α,β-pinene,β-myrcene and D-limonene,and positive correlation between β-caryophyllene and Germacrene D. However,no significant correlations were found between other monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. 3 ) The volatile release was also influenced by environmental factors,except with diurnal rhythm. Total peak area of volatiles was positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with relative humidity. [Conclusion]The main components of the volatiles from A. truncatum were C8 esters, and the main components of volatiles from C. deodara were C10,C15 terpenes,which were related with volatiles synthesis pathway. Different compounds had different diurnal rhythms. The volatile emission rates increased with the temperature and declined with the relative humidity.