CAJ | 학술논문

【目的】针对桑树形态倍性鉴定及品种间鉴别问题，研究广东桑不同倍性及品种之间孢粉学上的异同，为桑树多倍体育种提供科学依据。【方法】利用扫描电镜对广东桑10个不同倍性品种花粉的形态、大小、萌发孔、外壁纹饰等孢粉学特性进行观察，并运用图片分析结合数理统计的方法对其花粉形态进行研究。【结果】供试广东桑不同品种的花粉微观形态相近，均为小型花粉，近球形，花粉粒极轴长16.98～24.46μm，赤道轴长15.37～23.86μm，极轴长与赤道轴长的比值为1.01～1.12；供试不同品种花粉粒萌发孔1～3个，圆形，直径为2.11～3.51μm，部分花粉粒萌发孔外壁内陷形成漏斗形，按照额尔特曼 G 的 NPC(萌发器官的数目、位置及特征)分类系统属N3P3C4类型；不同倍性间广东桑花粉的赤道轴长、极轴长和萌发孔大小存在显著性差异(P ＜0.05)，均表现为四倍体＞二倍体，但花粉粒的极轴/赤轴比值差异不显著(P＞0.05)；广东桑花粉外壁为分布不均的刺状突起－脑条纹复合纹饰，不同品种间花粉的表面纹饰有明显差别，根据外壁纹饰可将供试10个品种花粉分为细刺颗粒状突起－细条纹纹饰、细刺颗粒状突起－粗条纹纹饰、粗刺颗粒状突起－细条纹纹饰和粗刺颗粒状突起－粗条纹纹饰4种类型，花粉外壁纹饰体现了不同品种的遗传多样性和遗传分化；不同倍性间广东桑花粉表面的刺状突起密度及大小差异不显著(P＞0.05)；供试四倍体广东桑品种花粉存在少数败育花粉粒，表现为干瘪而不充实，外形异常。【结论】供试广东桑不同倍性及品种间花粉形态特征具有差异，不同倍性间花粉粒和萌发孔大小存在差异，不同品种间花粉的表面纹饰存在明显差别，初步认为花粉的亚显微结构特征可作为广东桑倍性鉴定及品种间鉴别的重要标准之一。【目的】針對桑樹形態倍性鑒定及品種間鑒彆問題，研究廣東桑不同倍性及品種之間孢粉學上的異同，為桑樹多倍體育種提供科學依據。【方法】利用掃描電鏡對廣東桑10箇不同倍性品種花粉的形態、大小、萌髮孔、外壁紋飾等孢粉學特性進行觀察，併運用圖片分析結閤數理統計的方法對其花粉形態進行研究。【結果】供試廣東桑不同品種的花粉微觀形態相近，均為小型花粉，近毬形，花粉粒極軸長16.98～24.46μm，赤道軸長15.37～23.86μm，極軸長與赤道軸長的比值為1.01～1.12；供試不同品種花粉粒萌髮孔1～3箇，圓形，直徑為2.11～3.51μm，部分花粉粒萌髮孔外壁內陷形成漏鬥形，按照額爾特曼 G 的 NPC(萌髮器官的數目、位置及特徵)分類繫統屬N3P3C4類型；不同倍性間廣東桑花粉的赤道軸長、極軸長和萌髮孔大小存在顯著性差異(P ＜0.05)，均錶現為四倍體＞二倍體，但花粉粒的極軸/赤軸比值差異不顯著(P＞0.05)；廣東桑花粉外壁為分佈不均的刺狀突起－腦條紋複閤紋飾，不同品種間花粉的錶麵紋飾有明顯差彆，根據外壁紋飾可將供試10箇品種花粉分為細刺顆粒狀突起－細條紋紋飾、細刺顆粒狀突起－粗條紋紋飾、粗刺顆粒狀突起－細條紋紋飾和粗刺顆粒狀突起－粗條紋紋飾4種類型，花粉外壁紋飾體現瞭不同品種的遺傳多樣性和遺傳分化；不同倍性間廣東桑花粉錶麵的刺狀突起密度及大小差異不顯著(P＞0.05)；供試四倍體廣東桑品種花粉存在少數敗育花粉粒，錶現為榦癟而不充實，外形異常。【結論】供試廣東桑不同倍性及品種間花粉形態特徵具有差異，不同倍性間花粉粒和萌髮孔大小存在差異，不同品種間花粉的錶麵紋飾存在明顯差彆，初步認為花粉的亞顯微結構特徵可作為廣東桑倍性鑒定及品種間鑒彆的重要標準之一。
【목적】침대상수형태배성감정급품충간감별문제，연구엄동상불동배성급품충지간포분학상적이동，위상수다배체육충제공과학의거。【방법】이용소묘전경대엄동상10개불동배성품충화분적형태、대소、맹발공、외벽문식등포분학특성진행관찰，병운용도편분석결합수리통계적방법대기화분형태진행연구。【결과】공시엄동상불동품충적화분미관형태상근，균위소형화분，근구형，화분립겁축장16.98～24.46μm，적도축장15.37～23.86μm，겁축장여적도축장적비치위1.01～1.12；공시불동품충화분립맹발공1～3개，원형，직경위2.11～3.51μm，부분화분립맹발공외벽내함형성루두형，안조액이특만 G 적 NPC(맹발기관적수목、위치급특정)분류계통속N3P3C4류형；불동배성간엄동상화분적적도축장、겁축장화맹발공대소존재현저성차이(P ＜0.05)，균표현위사배체＞이배체，단화분립적겁축/적축비치차이불현저(P＞0.05)；엄동상화분외벽위분포불균적자상돌기－뇌조문복합문식，불동품충간화분적표면문식유명현차별，근거외벽문식가장공시10개품충화분분위세자과립상돌기－세조문문식、세자과립상돌기－조조문문식、조자과립상돌기－세조문문식화조자과립상돌기－조조문문식4충류형，화분외벽문식체현료불동품충적유전다양성화유전분화；불동배성간엄동상화분표면적자상돌기밀도급대소차이불현저(P＞0.05)；공시사배체엄동상품충화분존재소수패육화분립，표현위간별이불충실，외형이상。【결론】공시엄동상불동배성급품충간화분형태특정구유차이，불동배성간화분립화맹발공대소존재차이，불동품충간화분적표면문식존재명현차별，초보인위화분적아현미결구특정가작위엄동상배성감정급품충간감별적중요표준지일。
Objective]This study was aimed to ploidy and cultivar identification by analysis of morphological characteristics of pollen of Morus atropurpurea in order to provide a scientific basis for mulberry polyploidy breeding.[Method]The ultrastructure characters of pollen from 10 diploid and tetraploid M. atropurpurea cultivars were examined by scanning electron microscope ( SEM ) , and the characteristics of pollen morphology among the cultivars were distinguished based on statistics and photographic analyses.[Result]The pollen grains were small in size and nearly round in shape,its polar axis length was 16. 98 μm to 24. 46 μm,the equatorial axis length was 15. 37μm to 23. 86 μm,and P/E value of 1. 01 to 1. 12. The pollen grains with 1 -3 rounded germination aperture,N3P3C4 type according to Erdtman’ s NPC system. There were statistically significant differences between pollen grains of diploid and tetraploid cultivars in the size of germination aperture,the lengths of equator and polar axials,respectively. The pollen exine was unevenly distributed with composite ornamentation of spinous protuberances-brain stripes,and the ornamentation was different among different cultivars. According to the ornamentation,pollen grains are distinctly divided into four types,i. e. coarse spines granulate-fine cerebroid stripes,coarse spines granulate-coarse cerebroid stripes,smooth spines granulate-fine cerebroid stripes and smooth spines granulate-coarse cerebroid stripes. The density and the size of spinous protuberance showed no significant differences between diploid and tetraploid cultivars. Some infertile pollens appeared as heteromophic and shrivelled were observed in tetraploid mulberry cultivars. [Conclusion]Significant differences were found of pollen morphology among the 10 diploid and tetraploid M. atropurpurea cultivars,especially in the size of pollen grains between diploid and tetraploid cultivars,and in the ornamentation among different cultivars. It was suggested that morphological characteristics of pollen grains were very important for ploidy detection and cultivars identification in mulberry.