CAJ | 학술논문

城市面积扩张、建筑密度加大等城市化特征会影响城市气象环境,导致城市污染物扩散能力减弱,这可能对中国城市灰霾有一定贡献.本文利用南京大学空气质量预报模式(NJU-CAQPS)研究了苏州城市化发展对灰霾的影响.本文利用苏州地区1986年、1996年、2006年三个年代的地表类型资料对苏州地区2010年1、4、7、10月中旬共18 d 灰霾状况进行数值模拟,同时进行了建筑高度和建筑密度对灰霾影响的敏感性试验.结果表明：近20年的城市面积扩张可导致城区 PM2.5平均浓度增加3~4μg·m-3,城市部分地区 PM2.5增加可达25~32μg·m-3；使城区平均能见度降低0.3~0.4 km,局地可降低2~3 km；城市面积扩张可导致模拟日平均灰霾小时数增加0.3~0.5 h,最大增加可达5 h,苏州地区灰霾面积增加170 km2.城市建筑高度和密度的增加使城区部分地区 PM2.5增加6~12μg·m-3；平均能见度降低0.1 km,局地降低0.3~0.6 km.城市化发展对局地污染物浓度影响较大,城市面积对城市灰霾的影响远大于建筑高度和密度的影响.随着城市面积扩张,城市“混浊岛”、“灰霾线”的高度在升高.
성시면적확장、건축밀도가대등성시화특정회영향성시기상배경,도치성시오염물확산능력감약,저가능대중국성시회매유일정공헌.본문이용남경대학공기질량예보모식(NJU-CAQPS)연구료소주성시화발전대회매적영향.본문이용소주지구1986년、1996년、2006년삼개년대적지표류형자료대소주지구2010년1、4、7、10월중순공18 d 회매상황진행수치모의,동시진행료건축고도화건축밀도대회매영향적민감성시험.결과표명：근20년적성시면적확장가도치성구 PM2.5평균농도증가3~4μg·m-3,성시부분지구 PM2.5증가가체25~32μg·m-3；사성구평균능견도강저0.3~0.4 km,국지가강저2~3 km；성시면적확장가도치모의일평균회매소시수증가0.3~0.5 h,최대증가가체5 h,소주지구회매면적증가170 km2.성시건축고도화밀도적증가사성구부분지구 PM2.5증가6~12μg·m-3；평균능견도강저0.1 km,국지강저0.3~0.6 km.성시화발전대국지오염물농도영향교대,성시면적대성시회매적영향원대우건축고도화밀도적영향.수착성시면적확장,성시“혼탁도”、“회매선”적고도재승고.
The expansion of urban size and denser buildings may have an impact on urban meteorology and environment,weakening urban’s diffusion capacity,which may lead to urban haze in China.NJU-CAQPS(NanJing U-niversity City Air Quality Prediction System)is used in this research to simulate the impact of urban growth on urban haze in Suzhou area.The land-use data of 1 986,1 995 and 2006 are used in the simulations and 18 d in Mid January,April,July and October are chosen to simulate.Another 2 pairs of sensitivity experiments are performed to study the impact of the height and density of buildings on the urban haze.The urban expansionin the last 2 decades may result in an increase of the PM2.5 concentration by 3~4 μg·m-3 (25~32 μg·m-3 in local area)and a decrease of visibility by 0.3~0.4 km(2~3 km in local area).Consequently,the average haze hours increase by 0.3~0.5 h(5 h at most),and the haze area increases by 1 70 km2 .The changes of building may result in an increase of PM2.5 concentration by 6~12 μg·m-3 in some area and a decrease of visibility by 0.1 km(0.3~0.6 km in local area).The impact of urbanization onpollutants concentration is more significant in the local area of pollutants source,and the expansion of urban size plays a more important role than the changes of buildings.The urban “muddy island”and“haze line”elevate as the urban size expand.