CAJ | 학술논문

据安徽气象部门酸雨观测资料分析,2006年以来,安徽酸雨有以下特点：(1)空间上,安徽南北各地,不论城市还是高山均观测到强酸雨。其中,以合肥和安庆最为突出,强酸雨频率最高,多年年均 pH 值接近强酸雨等级。从多年平均降水 pH 值来看,仅阜阳站为非酸性等级,其余各站皆为酸性等级。时间上,安徽酸雨季节变化明显,冬半年较重,夏半年偏轻。(2)从全省情况看,2009年前后酸雨最为严重。最近三年,各地降水酸性程度均有所减轻。以合肥酸雨变化为例,22年的变化趋势可分为三个阶段：1992—1999年,无明显变化趋势；2000—2008年,酸雨明显增强；2009—2013年,酸雨略有改善。(3)污染程度方面,黄山光明顶降水比较洁净,铜陵和马鞍山的降水受污染程度最为严重。(4)离子组成方面,酸雨成分逐渐由“硫酸型”转变为“硫酸硝酸混合型”,与20世纪80—90年代相比,降水中硝酸根离子和氨根离子浓度显著上升。近年来,周边省份二氧化硫排放减少是导致我省酸雨污染减轻的主要原因。然而由于大气中氮氧化物增加,导致我省酸雨由“硫酸型”向“硫酸硝酸混合型”转变。
거안휘기상부문산우관측자료분석,2006년이래,안휘산우유이하특점：(1)공간상,안휘남북각지,불론성시환시고산균관측도강산우。기중,이합비화안경최위돌출,강산우빈솔최고,다년년균 pH 치접근강산우등급。종다년평균강수 pH 치래간,부부양참위비산성등급,기여각참개위산성등급。시간상,안휘산우계절변화명현,동반년교중,하반년편경。(2)종전성정황간,2009년전후산우최위엄중。최근삼년,각지강수산성정도균유소감경。이합비산우변화위례,22년적변화추세가분위삼개계단：1992—1999년,무명현변화추세；2000—2008년,산우명현증강；2009—2013년,산우략유개선。(3)오염정도방면,황산광명정강수비교길정,동릉화마안산적강수수오염정도최위엄중。(4)리자조성방면,산우성분축점유“류산형”전변위“류산초산혼합형”,여20세기80—90년대상비,강수중초산근리자화안근리자농도현저상승。근년래,주변성빈이양화류배방감소시도치아성산우오염감경적주요원인。연이유우대기중담양화물증가,도치아성산우유“류산형”향“류산초산혼합형”전변。
There are seven acid rain monitoring stations in Anhui province operated by Anhui meteorological bureau. According to the measurements at those seven stations and the field observations of rain chemistry at Mountain Huangshan and Hefei,together with results in previous studies,the trend of precipitation acidity and characteristics of acid precipitation in Anhui province were analyzed.The main conclusions were summarized as follow:(1)During 2006-2013,strong acid precipitation can be observed at all stations,no matter whether in southern or northern Anhui,at urban site or at alpine site.Among the seven stations,precipitations at Hefei and Anqing stations were the most prominent for the highest frequencies of strong acid precipitation,and with the eight-year volume-weight-mean (VWM)pH close to 4.5 (critical value of strong acid precipitation).Based on the eight-year VWM pH,only precipitation at Fuyang station belonged to non-acid type;precipitations at all other stations belonged to acid type. The acidity showed evident seasonal variation,severe in winter and light in summer.(2)For all stations,the acid pre-cipitation was the most severe around 2009.Since then,acid precipitation generally showed trend of mitigation. Taking Hefei as an example,the variation trend of acid precipitation from 1 992 to 2013 could be divided into three phases:from 1 992 to 1 999,annual VWM pH showed big yearly variation without evident changing trend;from 2000 to 2008,the precipitation acidity increased with decreasing annual VWM pH and increasing frequency of acid and strong acid precipitation;from 2009 to 2013,the precipitation acidity mitigated slightly.(3)As far as polluted degree is concerned,precipitation at Mountain Huangshan was the cleanest;precipitations at Tongling and Maanshan were polluted heaviest.(4)As for ions composition,the acidity of present rainwater came from both nitric and sulfuric acids,with SO 2-4 the predominant acidic anion.Comparing with compositions of 1 980s and 1 990s,the concentrations of NO -3 and NH +4 increased evidently.Since 2005 or 2006,Anhui and the surrounding provinces kept reducing SO 2 emissions,which was the major reason of precipitation acidity mitigation.However,the rapid increase of tropospheric NO 2 during the past ten years resulted in the acid type of precipitation changing from sulfuric acid to mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids.