气象科技进展
氣象科技進展
기상과기진전
Advances in Meteorological Science and Technology
2015年
2期
53-58
,共6页
分布式水文模型%数字高程模型%水系提取%耦合模块
分佈式水文模型%數字高程模型%水繫提取%耦閤模塊
분포식수문모형%수자고정모형%수계제취%우합모괴
distributed hydrological models%digital elevation models%drainage networks extraction%coupled module
分布式陆面水文过程的模拟,除了经典水文模型所必需的流域气象、水文信息外,还需要研究流域的详细地形、水系信息,方可实现流域内产流和汇流的时空演算。以往通常需要借助商业软件在研究区DEM上提取这些水系信息,不仅耗时、操作不便,还使得模型结构松散。在自主研发的一种分布式水文模型的基础上,开发了一套用于提取水系信息的模块,并与该水文模型以同一种语言紧密耦合,程序完全采用面向对象的方式自主编写,大部分数据交换均在内存中直接进行,而无需占用磁盘空间,运行速度快,易于今后不断完善和扩展。详细介绍了模块中填洼与平坦区域处理、流向与累积流向矩阵生成、Strahler河道等级的确定、子流域生成、汇流次序和流程长度信息的生成等多种流域河网信息提取的具体算法及程序实现。本模型系统完全采用自主方式开发,克服了以往使用商业软件提取河网信息时的限制,使得分布式水文模式的流域模拟及分析功能更强大齐全和今后进一步完善和扩展。
分佈式陸麵水文過程的模擬,除瞭經典水文模型所必需的流域氣象、水文信息外,還需要研究流域的詳細地形、水繫信息,方可實現流域內產流和彙流的時空縯算。以往通常需要藉助商業軟件在研究區DEM上提取這些水繫信息,不僅耗時、操作不便,還使得模型結構鬆散。在自主研髮的一種分佈式水文模型的基礎上,開髮瞭一套用于提取水繫信息的模塊,併與該水文模型以同一種語言緊密耦閤,程序完全採用麵嚮對象的方式自主編寫,大部分數據交換均在內存中直接進行,而無需佔用磁盤空間,運行速度快,易于今後不斷完善和擴展。詳細介紹瞭模塊中填窪與平坦區域處理、流嚮與纍積流嚮矩陣生成、Strahler河道等級的確定、子流域生成、彙流次序和流程長度信息的生成等多種流域河網信息提取的具體算法及程序實現。本模型繫統完全採用自主方式開髮,剋服瞭以往使用商業軟件提取河網信息時的限製,使得分佈式水文模式的流域模擬及分析功能更彊大齊全和今後進一步完善和擴展。
분포식륙면수문과정적모의,제료경전수문모형소필수적류역기상、수문신식외,환수요연구류역적상세지형、수계신식,방가실현류역내산류화회류적시공연산。이왕통상수요차조상업연건재연구구DEM상제취저사수계신식,불부모시、조작불편,환사득모형결구송산。재자주연발적일충분포식수문모형적기출상,개발료일투용우제취수계신식적모괴,병여해수문모형이동일충어언긴밀우합,정서완전채용면향대상적방식자주편사,대부분수거교환균재내존중직접진행,이무수점용자반공간,운행속도쾌,역우금후불단완선화확전。상세개소료모괴중전와여평탄구역처리、류향여루적류향구진생성、Strahler하도등급적학정、자류역생성、회류차서화류정장도신식적생성등다충류역하망신식제취적구체산법급정서실현。본모형계통완전채용자주방식개발,극복료이왕사용상업연건제취하망신식시적한제,사득분포식수문모식적류역모의급분석공능경강대제전화금후진일보완선화확전。
For simulation of the hydrology in a watershed by distributed hydrological models, besides the meteorological and hydrological data needed, the detailed information such as topography and watershed networks is also necessary. Traditionally, the drainage networks were derived from digital elevation models (DEM) using commercial software, which is time consuming and inconvenient for operation in hydrological modeling. Based on a distributed hydrological model (DHM) developed by us, an automatic watershed information extraction module was developed which is able to be integrated into the DHM seamlessly using the same computer language of C#. Therefore, most of the data transferring can be ifnished in memory with no occupation on hard disks, so it is highly efifcient when running. The algorithms for the watershed information extraction were introduced, such as the algorithms of removing of depression and lfatten areas, generation of lfow direction and accumulating lfow direction, obtaining Strahler river order, dividing of sub watershed and calculation the sequence of lfow order and water-drainage length. This system overcomes the limitations of using commercial software for extracting watershed information, and also favors the modeling system for convenience of modifying and extending the model easily in the future.