CAJ | 학술논문

晨昏卫星（晨昏轨道极轨气象卫星，也简称晨昏轨道卫星）是指太阳同步近极地轨道卫星中轨道降交点地方时间（Equator Cross Time, ETC）在6：00左右的卫星，观测地方时间总在凌晨和傍晚。在介绍晨昏卫星的基础上，分析了晨昏卫星的平台特征、观测特点和潜在应用。对轨道模拟仿真和多国观测系统试验（observing system experiments， OSE）的分析表明：晨昏卫星同上午卫星和下午卫星共同构成极轨气象卫星业务观测系统，可以每6h提供一次无缝隙的全球大气探测资料，改进NWP的初始场，对南北半球预报和行星尺度的区域预报均有积极的贡献。利用FY-1D卫星观测资料的分析表明：晨昏卫星对气候和环境监测也具有独特的作用。根据现有风云气象卫星的发展规划，还讨论了发展晨昏卫星的可能途径。
신혼위성（신혼궤도겁궤기상위성，야간칭신혼궤도위성）시지태양동보근겁지궤도위성중궤도강교점지방시간（Equator Cross Time, ETC）재6：00좌우적위성，관측지방시간총재릉신화방만。재개소신혼위성적기출상，분석료신혼위성적평태특정、관측특점화잠재응용。대궤도모의방진화다국관측계통시험（observing system experiments， OSE）적분석표명：신혼위성동상오위성화하오위성공동구성겁궤기상위성업무관측계통，가이매6h제공일차무봉극적전구대기탐측자료，개진NWP적초시장，대남북반구예보화행성척도적구역예보균유적겁적공헌。이용FY-1D위성관측자료적분석표명：신혼위성대기후화배경감측야구유독특적작용。근거현유풍운기상위성적발전규화，환토론료발전신혼위성적가능도경。
The early-morning-orbit satellite is one of the polar orbiting satellites whose local time of the descending node is around 6:00 A.M. The observing time is close to dawn and dusk. After the conceptual introduction, this paper analysed the characteristics of the satellite platform, the observing geometrical conditions of the early-morning-orbit satellite, and its potential applications as well. The results from the orbit simulation and the observing system experiments (OSE) indicate that the early-morning-orbit satellite together with the morning-orbit satellite and the afternoon-orbit satellite can provide the initial meteorological ifeld for the numerical weather prediction (NWP) model without any blank left on the global scale every 6 hours so that the forecast period and the forecast accuracy can be improved for both the hemispheric and the regional scales. The images from FY-1D also show unique applications of the early-morning-orbit satellite on the climate and environmental monitoring. According the existing Fengyun satellite programme, the paper discussed the possible way of developing Chinese Fengyun early-morning-orbit satellite.