现代远程教育研究
現代遠程教育研究
현대원정교육연구
MODERN DISTANCE EDUCATION RESEARCH
2015年
3期
53-64
,共12页
MOOC%学习成果认证%学分认证%学分银行%认证模式%变革路径
MOOC%學習成果認證%學分認證%學分銀行%認證模式%變革路徑
MOOC%학습성과인증%학분인증%학분은행%인증모식%변혁로경
MOOC%Certificate of Learning Outcomes%Credit Certificate%Credit Bank%Reform Route
MOOC是网络开放教育创新发展的产物，也是备受人们欢迎的网络学习途径。当前制约MOOC能否可持续深入发展的问题聚焦于MOOC学习成果能否得到合理的认证。MOOC学习成果认证分为非学分认证和学分认证。MOOC非学分认证包括课程证书认证、项目证书认证和学习者自我认证，由于其未触及大学教学制度的内核——学分，因而遭致不少非议；而MOOC学分认证由于受到教学测评、学习者身份识别、大学文化传统和学分管理制度等多种因素的限制，运作起来也并不顺畅。MOOC的发展使大学具有越来越鲜明的虚拟结构特性，但不会出现将教学职能全部外包的纯粹型虚拟组织。MOOC对学历教育将产生重大影响，基于MOOC开展混合式教学和创建基于MOOC平台的学分银行是MOOC影响高等学历教育的两条主要路径。前者具有较大的可行性，将会变革大学的传统教学模式，但还有许多问题需通过实践解决；后者将会变革大学的整体运作方式，使学习者享有最大程度的学习自由。
MOOC是網絡開放教育創新髮展的產物，也是備受人們歡迎的網絡學習途徑。噹前製約MOOC能否可持續深入髮展的問題聚焦于MOOC學習成果能否得到閤理的認證。MOOC學習成果認證分為非學分認證和學分認證。MOOC非學分認證包括課程證書認證、項目證書認證和學習者自我認證，由于其未觸及大學教學製度的內覈——學分，因而遭緻不少非議；而MOOC學分認證由于受到教學測評、學習者身份識彆、大學文化傳統和學分管理製度等多種因素的限製，運作起來也併不順暢。MOOC的髮展使大學具有越來越鮮明的虛擬結構特性，但不會齣現將教學職能全部外包的純粹型虛擬組織。MOOC對學歷教育將產生重大影響，基于MOOC開展混閤式教學和創建基于MOOC平檯的學分銀行是MOOC影響高等學歷教育的兩條主要路徑。前者具有較大的可行性，將會變革大學的傳統教學模式，但還有許多問題需通過實踐解決；後者將會變革大學的整體運作方式，使學習者享有最大程度的學習自由。
MOOC시망락개방교육창신발전적산물，야시비수인문환영적망락학습도경。당전제약MOOC능부가지속심입발전적문제취초우MOOC학습성과능부득도합리적인증。MOOC학습성과인증분위비학분인증화학분인증。MOOC비학분인증포괄과정증서인증、항목증서인증화학습자자아인증，유우기미촉급대학교학제도적내핵——학분，인이조치불소비의；이MOOC학분인증유우수도교학측평、학습자신빈식별、대학문화전통화학분관리제도등다충인소적한제，운작기래야병불순창。MOOC적발전사대학구유월래월선명적허의결구특성，단불회출현장교학직능전부외포적순수형허의조직。MOOC대학력교육장산생중대영향，기우MOOC개전혼합식교학화창건기우MOOC평태적학분은행시MOOC영향고등학력교육적량조주요로경。전자구유교대적가행성，장회변혁대학적전통교학모식，단환유허다문제수통과실천해결；후자장회변혁대학적정체운작방식，사학습자향유최대정도적학습자유。
MOOC is the product of innovative development of open online education, and has become one popular way of online learning. Current constraints on the continuous and deepening development of MOOC focus on whether the learning outcomes of MOOC could be appropriately certified. There are two forms to certify the learning outcomes of MOOC, i.e., non-credit certificate and credit certificate. The non-credit certificate includes course certificate, program certificate and self-certificate. It does not touch upon credits, which is the kernel of university teaching system, thus has been receiving lots of criticisms. However, the credit certificate of MOOC is running difficultly, due to these constraining factors including the learning assessment, the identification of learners, the traditional culture of universities and the credit management system. The development of MOOC makes universities have stronger features of virtue organization, but pure virtual universities outsourcing all their teaching functions will not emerge. MOOC will have a great influence on academic higher education. Blended teaching based on MOOC and credit bank based on MOOC platform could be two important ways to influence the academic higher education. The former would change the traditional teaching mode of universities, with much more feasibility, but it still need resolve many problems through practice. The latter would change the entire operating mode of universities, and enable learners to enjoy the freedom of learning as much as possible.
