上海预防医学
上海預防醫學
상해예방의학
SHANGHAI JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
2015年
5期
237-241
,共5页
韩雪%蒲蕊%丁一波%石韶俊%杜琰%李自雄%刘文斌%张宏伟%谢梦%张蓉%曹广文
韓雪%蒲蕊%丁一波%石韶俊%杜琰%李自雄%劉文斌%張宏偉%謝夢%張蓉%曹廣文
한설%포예%정일파%석소준%두염%리자웅%류문빈%장굉위%사몽%장용%조엄문
灾难医学%社区人群%脆弱性%培训
災難醫學%社區人群%脆弱性%培訓
재난의학%사구인군%취약성%배훈
Disaster medicine%Community-based population%Vulnerability%Training
[目的]探索城市居民应对灾难的能力和脆弱性，明确城市人群灾难医学知识水平及培训需求。[方法]在上海市杨浦区随机抽取5个社区，再按不同年龄组的人口比例进行分层抽样，共抽取1700名社区居民，应用自制调查表进行现场调查，获得1643份信息完整的调查表。[结果]89．0％的居民认为应该了解和掌握灾难医学相关知识。“核泄漏事件防护措施”和“高层建筑火灾”问题回答正确率均达到80％以上，而“心肺复苏操作”总体回答正确率不到40％。目前社区居民获取灾难医学知识主要通过报纸、杂志、网络（52．1％），通过学校教育获取仅为5．3％。社区人群最希望通过讲座（72．4％）方式获取“灾难急救技术”（60．1％）和“灾难医学基本原理”（57．8％）知识。[结论]学校教育在灾难相关知识普及方面存在缺欠，可能导致居民普遍缺乏灾难自救、互救的能力。加强学校教育中对灾难相关教育，定期组织社区灾难医学知识普及和模拟演练有望降低灾难的人群脆弱性。
[目的]探索城市居民應對災難的能力和脆弱性，明確城市人群災難醫學知識水平及培訓需求。[方法]在上海市楊浦區隨機抽取5箇社區，再按不同年齡組的人口比例進行分層抽樣，共抽取1700名社區居民，應用自製調查錶進行現場調查，穫得1643份信息完整的調查錶。[結果]89．0％的居民認為應該瞭解和掌握災難醫學相關知識。“覈洩漏事件防護措施”和“高層建築火災”問題迴答正確率均達到80％以上，而“心肺複囌操作”總體迴答正確率不到40％。目前社區居民穫取災難醫學知識主要通過報紙、雜誌、網絡（52．1％），通過學校教育穫取僅為5．3％。社區人群最希望通過講座（72．4％）方式穫取“災難急救技術”（60．1％）和“災難醫學基本原理”（57．8％）知識。[結論]學校教育在災難相關知識普及方麵存在缺欠，可能導緻居民普遍缺乏災難自救、互救的能力。加彊學校教育中對災難相關教育，定期組織社區災難醫學知識普及和模擬縯練有望降低災難的人群脆弱性。
[목적]탐색성시거민응대재난적능력화취약성，명학성시인군재난의학지식수평급배훈수구。[방법]재상해시양포구수궤추취5개사구，재안불동년령조적인구비례진행분층추양，공추취1700명사구거민，응용자제조사표진행현장조사，획득1643빈신식완정적조사표。[결과]89．0％적거민인위응해료해화장악재난의학상관지식。“핵설루사건방호조시”화“고층건축화재”문제회답정학솔균체도80％이상，이“심폐복소조작”총체회답정학솔불도40％。목전사구거민획취재난의학지식주요통과보지、잡지、망락（52．1％），통과학교교육획취부위5．3％。사구인군최희망통과강좌（72．4％）방식획취“재난급구기술”（60．1％）화“재난의학기본원리”（57．8％）지식。[결론]학교교육재재난상관지식보급방면존재결흠，가능도치거민보편결핍재난자구、호구적능력。가강학교교육중대재난상관교육，정기조직사구재난의학지식보급화모의연련유망강저재난적인군취약성。
Objective] To explore disaster response capability and the vulnerability as well as the current level and training needs of disaster medicine knowledge in urban populations . [ Methods] Five communities in Yangpu District of Shanghai were randomly enrolled in this study .The study populations were then stratified by age groups .A total of 1700 residents were recruited , 1643 of which completed a structured questionnaire designed by the investigators . [ Results] Eight-nine percent of the residents be-lieved the importance of understanding disaster medicine -related knowledge .The correct answer rates of “pro-tective measures of nuclear leakage issues” and “self-rescue measures in a high building fire” reached over 80%;however , the overall correct answer rate of “cardiorespiratory resuscitation operation” was less than 40%.The main channels of community residents accessing disaster medicine knowledge were mainly news -papers, magazines, and internet (52.1%);whereas only 5.3%of them obtained the knowledge from school education .Community residents most liked to obtain “first aid skills”and“basic theory of disaster medicine”through formal lectures (72.4%). [Conclusion] School education lacks disaster-related knowledge , pos-sibly resulting in the fact that community residents have a limited ability to save both oneself and others in disaster .There are significant differences between residents with different education levels .Community resi-dents have limited knowledge of disaster occurrence and development , and lack capabilities of self-rescue and mutual aid .Colleges should increase the contents of disaster medicine education in their curriculum .Disaster education should be enforced in school education .Continued education and simulation of disaster-related knowledge should be regularly offered to community residents to greatly reduce their vulnerability to disasters .
