CAJ | 학술논문

目的：掌握河北省梨果中农药残留分布情况及污染风险程度，为河北省梨果的质量安全监管提供基础数据。方法采集河北省2013~2014年11个梨主产县(市)的85份梨果样品，采用气相色谱和超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对梨果中110种农药残留状况进行检测，检测结果与国家规定的梨果中农药最大残留限量进行比对分析，并运用污染指数法对农药残留水平进行风险评价。结果85个样品共检出24种农药残留，每种样品均检测出农药残留，农药品种1~8种不等，检出率100%，但均不存在农药残留超标现象。检测出的24种农药中以农药杀虫剂为主，其中多菌灵和吡虫啉的检出率分别为69%和62%，明显高于其他种类农药。1个样品检测出禁用农药克百威。此次采样的十一个县或县级市中，石家庄赵县和沧州泊头市的样品达到1级安全水平的比率为100%，其余县市1级安全水平样本比率在40%~90%不等，肃宁、阜城、深州和河间等县(市)的样本综合污染指数在2级(相对安全)的样本比率较高，风险程度高于其他县市。结论河北省梨果农药残留水平低，总体上处于安全范围内，风险程度小，但不同县(市)的农药残留风险程度存在地域差异性。
목적：장악하북성리과중농약잔류분포정황급오염풍험정도，위하북성리과적질량안전감관제공기출수거。방법채집하북성2013~2014년11개리주산현(시)적85빈리과양품，채용기상색보화초고효액상색보-천련질보법대리과중110충농약잔류상황진행검측，검측결과여국가규정적리과중농약최대잔류한량진행비대분석，병운용오염지수법대농약잔류수평진행풍험평개。결과85개양품공검출24충농약잔류，매충양품균검측출농약잔류，농약품충1~8충불등，검출솔100%，단균불존재농약잔류초표현상。검측출적24충농약중이농약살충제위주，기중다균령화필충람적검출솔분별위69%화62%，명현고우기타충류농약。1개양품검측출금용농약극백위。차차채양적십일개현혹현급시중，석가장조현화창주박두시적양품체도1급안전수평적비솔위100%，기여현시1급안전수평양본비솔재40%~90%불등，숙저、부성、심주화하간등현(시)적양본종합오염지수재2급(상대안전)적양본비솔교고，풍험정도고우기타현시。결론하북성리과농약잔류수평저，총체상처우안전범위내，풍험정도소，단불동현(시)적농약잔류풍험정도존재지역차이성。
Objective The distribution and pollution degree of pesticide residues in Hebei province and the basic data provided for the quality and safety supervision of pear fruit were studied.Method The pears in 11 pear production counties of Hebei province during 2013 and 2014 were collected, and the pesticide residues in pear were detected by gas chromatography (GC) and ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS), then national standard and pollution index were used to evaluate the risk level. Results Twenty-four kinds of pesticide residues were found in the 85 samples. Pesticide residues were detected in each sample, with 1 to 8 kinds of pesticieds for each sample, and the detection rate was 100%. However, none of the sample was found that pesticide residue exceeded the standard level. In 24 kinds of pesticides detected, carbendazim and imidacloprid were found in most of the samples, with the detection rate of 69% and 62%, respectively. Carbofuran, a banned pesticide was detected in one sample. In the 11 counties in this study, all the samples in Zhaoxian and Botou reached the first class standard, while the first class standard ratio in other counties was ranging from 40% to 90%. The counties of Suning, Fucheng, Shenzhou and Hejian had more samples at the second class standard ratio than other counties, which meant the higher risk level of pesticide residues.Conclusions The pesticide residues of pear in Hebei Province were mainly in the safe range and showed a low risk level. However, the risk levels in different counties showed a significant difference.