青海大学学报（自然科学版）
青海大學學報（自然科學版）
청해대학학보（자연과학판）
JOURNAL OF QINGHAI UNIVERSITY (NATURAL SCIENCE EDITION)
2015年
1期
1-7,13
,共8页
黄河源区%藏嵩草沼泽化草甸%群落特征%草地退化
黃河源區%藏嵩草沼澤化草甸%群落特徵%草地退化
황하원구%장숭초소택화초전%군락특정%초지퇴화
The Yellow River source zone%Kobresia tibetica marsh meadow%community properties%grassland degeneration
为了对黄河源区藏蒿草沼泽草甸资源进行科学管理与保护，采用样方法，对黄河源区不同退化程度藏嵩草沼泽化草甸群落结构特征进行了研究。结果表明：①黄河源区藏嵩草沼泽化草甸植物组成有11科32属49种。不同退化程度群落植物组成及其重要值都有很大变化，随着退化程度的加剧，藏嵩草平均高度由26．2 cm降低为7．3 cm，盖度由76％降低为31％；②随着退化程度的加剧，地上生物量明显下降，排序为未退化草地＞轻度退化＞中度退化＞重度退化＞极度退化，藏嵩草沼泽化草甸是一个旱化演替的过程，莎禾草类为主———莎禾草类＋杂类草———杂类草为主；③群落物种多样性指数与丰富度、均匀度指数呈正相关，与生态优势度呈负相关；物种丰富度在中度退化阶段最高，多样性与均匀度指数在重度退化阶段最高，均匀度很大程度上影响到了群落的多样性。草甸可持续利用的最有效措施是围栏封育与划区轮牧。
為瞭對黃河源區藏蒿草沼澤草甸資源進行科學管理與保護，採用樣方法，對黃河源區不同退化程度藏嵩草沼澤化草甸群落結構特徵進行瞭研究。結果錶明：①黃河源區藏嵩草沼澤化草甸植物組成有11科32屬49種。不同退化程度群落植物組成及其重要值都有很大變化，隨著退化程度的加劇，藏嵩草平均高度由26．2 cm降低為7．3 cm，蓋度由76％降低為31％；②隨著退化程度的加劇，地上生物量明顯下降，排序為未退化草地＞輕度退化＞中度退化＞重度退化＞極度退化，藏嵩草沼澤化草甸是一箇旱化縯替的過程，莎禾草類為主———莎禾草類＋雜類草———雜類草為主；③群落物種多樣性指數與豐富度、均勻度指數呈正相關，與生態優勢度呈負相關；物種豐富度在中度退化階段最高，多樣性與均勻度指數在重度退化階段最高，均勻度很大程度上影響到瞭群落的多樣性。草甸可持續利用的最有效措施是圍欄封育與劃區輪牧。
위료대황하원구장호초소택초전자원진행과학관리여보호，채용양방법，대황하원구불동퇴화정도장숭초소택화초전군락결구특정진행료연구。결과표명：①황하원구장숭초소택화초전식물조성유11과32속49충。불동퇴화정도군락식물조성급기중요치도유흔대변화，수착퇴화정도적가극，장숭초평균고도유26．2 cm강저위7．3 cm，개도유76％강저위31％；②수착퇴화정도적가극，지상생물량명현하강，배서위미퇴화초지＞경도퇴화＞중도퇴화＞중도퇴화＞겁도퇴화，장숭초소택화초전시일개한화연체적과정，사화초류위주———사화초류＋잡류초———잡류초위주；③군락물충다양성지수여봉부도、균균도지수정정상관，여생태우세도정부상관；물충봉부도재중도퇴화계단최고，다양성여균균도지수재중도퇴화계단최고，균균도흔대정도상영향도료군락적다양성。초전가지속이용적최유효조시시위란봉육여화구륜목。
We used quadrat sampling to investigate structure characteristics of the kobresia tibetica marsh meadow communities at different degraded levels in the Yellow River source zone , and the purpose is to provide a scientific basis for the management and conservation of resources .The main results are as follows:①The kobresia tibetica marsh meadow in the Yellow River source zone consists of 11 families and 32 genera 49 species .The plant community composition and important value vary with degradation degrees greatly .With degradation intensifying , average height of Kobresia tibetica lowered from 26.2cm to 7.3cm, cover from 76% to 31%.②The aboveground biomass decreased with degradation , in the order of non -degraded grassland >lightly degraded >moderately de-graded >heavily degraded >over degradation.The degradation processes is arid succession ,i.e. sedges and grasses dominated to sedges and grasses +forbs to forbs dominated .③Species diversity index was positively correlated with richness and evenness index , and negatively correlated with dominance index; The highest species richness index is in moderate -degradation stage , and the highest diversity and evenness index in heavy -degradation stage ,and evenness is largely affected the diversity of the communities .Discussion results indicated that the most effective measures for sustainable use of the meadow is enclosure for nurture and block rotational grazing .
