CAJ | 학술논문

通过教育回报率、任期回报率和其他经验回报率三个方面考察中国人力资本回报率的城乡差异，研究结果发现：（1）受教育年限对于城镇劳动力和农村劳动力的工资水平都有显著的正向影响，现职任职期和其他工作经验对于城镇劳动力的工资水平都有显著的正向影响，但对农村劳动力的工资水平均不存在显著影响，这说明提高受教育年限是提高农村劳动力工资水平的主要途径。（2）人力资本回报率存在显著的城乡差异，城乡劳动力教育回报率的差异在2％左右，任期回报率的差异也在2％左右，而其他经验回报率的差异在1％左右。人力资本回报率的城乡差异违背了劳动力市场的竞争性，成为劳动力市场进一步完善的阻碍。
통과교육회보솔、임기회보솔화기타경험회보솔삼개방면고찰중국인력자본회보솔적성향차이，연구결과발현：（1）수교육년한대우성진노동력화농촌노동력적공자수평도유현저적정향영향，현직임직기화기타공작경험대우성진노동력적공자수평도유현저적정향영향，단대농촌노동력적공자수평균불존재현저영향，저설명제고수교육년한시제고농촌노동력공자수평적주요도경。（2）인력자본회보솔존재현저적성향차이，성향노동력교육회보솔적차이재2％좌우，임기회보솔적차이야재2％좌우，이기타경험회보솔적차이재1％좌우。인력자본회보솔적성향차이위배료노동력시장적경쟁성，성위노동력시장진일보완선적조애。
Through the analysis on the rates of return to schooling,tenure and other experience,the differentials of the rates of re-turn to human capital between urban and rural labor force in China are examined.The evidence confirms that:(1 )the years of schooling has a significant positive impact on the wages of urban and rural labor force.Tenure and other experi-ence also have significant positive influence on wages of the urban labor force,but not on the wages of rural labor force. So extension of the years of schooling is the main way to raise the wage level of the rural labor force.(2)There exist sig-nificant differences between urban and rural labor force as regard to the rate of return to human capital,as the gap is a-bout 2% in the rates of return schooling,about 2% in tenure and 1% in other experience.The differences go against with the competition of the labor market and will be the obstacles to the improvement of labor market.