CAJ | 학술논문

资源在空间和时间上不均匀分布现象往往形成资源异质性斑块,克隆植物凭借强大的侧向生长能力占据广阔空间,分株间的生理连接促进了其对异质性生境的适应.克隆分株首先通过资源获取结构的功能特化来提高从各种资源富养斑块中的养分获取,然后通过克隆整合作用实现分株间的养分传输,这种功能特化和资源共享模式被称为‘分工’.该文以入侵克隆植物空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides )为研究对象,研究其根系对资源异质性分布的形态可塑性响应；通过调节光照强度和土壤养分来实现资源的异质性分布,共设置4个处理：①近端分株高光低养—远端分株高光低养(HL-HL),②近端分株低光高养—远端分株低光高养(LH-LH),③近端分株高光低养—远端分株低光高养(HL-LH),④近端分株低光高养—远端分株高光低养(LH-HL)；使用 WinRHIZO Pro 软件分析相关根系指标,SPSS 18．0单因素方差(one-way ANOVA)分析方法分析异质性条件对近、远端分株以及整个克隆片段的影响.结果表明：异质性斑块中经历高光低养的分株分配更多的生物量到地上部分,经历低光高养的分株分配更多的生物量到地下部分,空心莲子草通过调整对地上和地下部分的生物量分配比例实现了克隆分工；异质性斑块中,生长在富养斑块中的空心莲子草分株根系有更高的根生物量、根长、根表面积、根体积以及分枝系数等,表明空心莲子草分株根系通过对异质性斑块的形态可塑性变化提高了土壤养分的吸收能力.由此可见,空心莲子草通过对资源获取结构的功能特化提高了其资源吸收能力,这可能是其具强入侵能力的重要原因.
자원재공간화시간상불균균분포현상왕왕형성자원이질성반괴,극륭식물빙차강대적측향생장능력점거엄활공간,분주간적생리련접촉진료기대이질성생경적괄응.극륭분주수선통과자원획취결구적공능특화래제고종각충자원부양반괴중적양분획취,연후통과극륭정합작용실현분주간적양분전수,저충공능특화화자원공향모식피칭위‘분공’.해문이입침극륭식물공심련자초(Alternanthera philoxeroides )위연구대상,연구기근계대자원이질성분포적형태가소성향응；통과조절광조강도화토양양분래실현자원적이질성분포,공설치4개처리：①근단분주고광저양—원단분주고광저양(HL-HL),②근단분주저광고양—원단분주저광고양(LH-LH),③근단분주고광저양—원단분주저광고양(HL-LH),④근단분주저광고양—원단분주고광저양(LH-HL)；사용 WinRHIZO Pro 연건분석상관근계지표,SPSS 18．0단인소방차(one-way ANOVA)분석방법분석이질성조건대근、원단분주이급정개극륭편단적영향.결과표명：이질성반괴중경력고광저양적분주분배경다적생물량도지상부분,경력저광고양적분주분배경다적생물량도지하부분,공심련자초통과조정대지상화지하부분적생물량분배비례실현료극륭분공；이질성반괴중,생장재부양반괴중적공심련자초분주근계유경고적근생물량、근장、근표면적、근체적이급분지계수등,표명공심련자초분주근계통과대이질성반괴적형태가소성변화제고료토양양분적흡수능력.유차가견,공심련자초통과대자원획취결구적공능특화제고료기자원흡수능력,저가능시기구강입침능력적중요원인.
The distribution of resources is uneven over space and time,which always leads to heterogeneous patches. Clonal plants usually occupy wider habitats because of powerful clonal growth and the physical connection between ramets promotes the adaptation to heterogeneous habitats.Clonal ramets can improve resource capture capacity in nu-trient-rich patches by the functional specializing of resource acquisition organs,then share these resources with the ramets in low nutrient patches through clonal integration,this pattern is called ‘division of labor’.Our study selected Alternanthera philoxeroides ,an invasive clonal weed,as the objective and studied on the morphological plasticity of roots in the heterogeneous patches of resources.Ramets were planted in the patches with heterogeneous distribution of light and soil nutrient and there were four treatments,e.g.①two ramets experienced high light and low nutrienttreatment(HL-HL); ② two ramets experienced low light intensity and high nutrient treatment (LH-LH );③proximal ramets experienced high light and low nutrient treatment,distal ramets experienced low light and high nutrient treatment(HL-LH);④proximal ramets experienced low light and high nutrient treatment,distal ramets experienced high light low nutrient treatment(LH-HL).Parameters of roots were analyzed with WinRHIZO Pro software and the effect of treatment on these parameters of proximal ramets,distal ramets and whole ramet pairs was tested with one-way ANOVA(SPSS 18.0).Our results were as follows:Ramets in high light and low nutrient patch allocated more biomass to aboveground parts,while ramets experienced low light and high nutrient allocated more bi-omass to the underground parts.A .philoxeroides ramets showed the division of labor by changing the root-shoot ratio of biomass.In heterogeneous environments,the root of A .philoxeroides ramets in the eutrophic patches had higher root biomass,root length,root surface area,root volume and branch coefficient,etc.A .philoxeroides in-creased nutrient uptake capacity through the form of root morphological plasticity in heterogeneity habitats.Thus,A . philoxeroides improved resource absorption capacity by specializing resource acquisition organs,which may play an important role in its successful invasion.