世界地理研究
世界地理研究
세계지리연구
WORLD REGIONAL STUDIES
2015年
2期
59-67
,共9页
中国%印度%土地制度%效能%建议
中國%印度%土地製度%效能%建議
중국%인도%토지제도%효능%건의
China and India%land system%effect%suggestions
中印两国国情相似，但土地制度迥异。本文对两国的土地制度进行了介绍，对两国土地制度的效能进行了对比，研究发现印度的土地私有制和多头分散的土地管理体制并不成功，即便是相对完善的征地补偿制度，受益者也更多是地主和富农，所以不仅没能减少赤贫人口，缩小贫富差距，促进农业和农村的健康发展，而且没能维护社会稳定，改善基础设施，促进工业化和城镇化的健康发展。而中国的所有权与经营权分离的土地公有制则保障了农民对于农业产值和征地补偿的相对平均分配，保障了社会的相对稳定，调动了农民的生产积极性，对农村基础设施的建设、减少贫困人口等都有积极作用。由此得出了中国需要坚持和完善土地公有制的结论，并且参照印度土地管理和土地征收的有益经验对改进我国土地制度提出了建议。
中印兩國國情相似，但土地製度迥異。本文對兩國的土地製度進行瞭介紹，對兩國土地製度的效能進行瞭對比，研究髮現印度的土地私有製和多頭分散的土地管理體製併不成功，即便是相對完善的徵地補償製度，受益者也更多是地主和富農，所以不僅沒能減少赤貧人口，縮小貧富差距，促進農業和農村的健康髮展，而且沒能維護社會穩定，改善基礎設施，促進工業化和城鎮化的健康髮展。而中國的所有權與經營權分離的土地公有製則保障瞭農民對于農業產值和徵地補償的相對平均分配，保障瞭社會的相對穩定，調動瞭農民的生產積極性，對農村基礎設施的建設、減少貧睏人口等都有積極作用。由此得齣瞭中國需要堅持和完善土地公有製的結論，併且參照印度土地管理和土地徵收的有益經驗對改進我國土地製度提齣瞭建議。
중인량국국정상사，단토지제도형이。본문대량국적토지제도진행료개소，대량국토지제도적효능진행료대비，연구발현인도적토지사유제화다두분산적토지관리체제병불성공，즉편시상대완선적정지보상제도，수익자야경다시지주화부농，소이불부몰능감소적빈인구，축소빈부차거，촉진농업화농촌적건강발전，이차몰능유호사회은정，개선기출설시，촉진공업화화성진화적건강발전。이중국적소유권여경영권분리적토지공유제칙보장료농민대우농업산치화정지보상적상대평균분배，보장료사회적상대은정，조동료농민적생산적겁성，대농촌기출설시적건설、감소빈곤인구등도유적겁작용。유차득출료중국수요견지화완선토지공유제적결론，병차삼조인도토지관리화토지정수적유익경험대개진아국토지제도제출료건의。
India's national conditions are similar to china,but it's land sys-tem is different from china. In this paper, the author gives a briefs intro-duction of land systems of two countries and compare the effect of them. The study found that india's private ownership of land and scattered landmanage-ment system are not successful. Even the compensation system of land expropri-ation is relatively perfect, more beneficiaries are landlords and rich peas-ants. So it not only failed to reduce extreme poverty and wealth gap, failed to promote the healthy development of agriculture and rural areas, but also failed to maintain social stability, improve infrastructure and promote the healthy development of industrialization and urbanization. But, china's public ownership of land which ownership and management of land are separate protect the farmers to get relatively average distribution of agricultural production and land compensation, ensuring the relative stability of society, mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers, reduce a lot of poverty, achieve the life with full food and cloth in whole country, boost the rapid improvement of infrastructure such as roads and railways, and promote the healthy development of industrial-ization,urbanization and agricultural modernization. Therefore, the author draw a conclusion that china need to insist and improve the public ownership of land and propose some suggestions to improve china's land system by learn-ing from india's useful experiences of land management and land expropriation.
