水资源保护
水資源保護
수자원보호
WATER RESOURCES PROTECTION
2015年
3期
1-4,10
,共5页
李扬%朱党生%廖文根%史晓新%张建永
李颺%硃黨生%廖文根%史曉新%張建永
리양%주당생%료문근%사효신%장건영
水功能区%水质达标率%全指标评价法%双指标评价法%承载力%协同分析
水功能區%水質達標率%全指標評價法%雙指標評價法%承載力%協同分析
수공능구%수질체표솔%전지표평개법%쌍지표평개법%승재력%협동분석
water function zone%water quality compliance rate%whole index evaluation%double index evaluation%bearing capacity%cooperative analysis
采取全指标评价法和双指标评价法对全国4493个重要江河湖泊水功能区的水质达标率进行评价。结果表明,两方法的评价结果存在着明显的差异———全国重要水功能区水质达标率分别为61.2%和49.6%,双指标评价结果好于全指标评价结果。根据水功能区纳污能力和现状污染物入河量的关系,对水功能区承载力进行分析。结果表明,全国未超载的水功能区有2907个(占64.7%),而另外35.3%的超载水功能区以25%左右的纳污能力接纳了60%以上的污染物入河量,表明功能区超载而水质达标的问题普遍存在,原因是纳污能力计算标准偏严格而导致。同时还大量存在功能区不超载但水质不达标的情况,这主要有污染物的质量浓度背景值高、受到上游功能区污染物超标入河量的影响,以及对农业面源污染入河量暂无法全面测量等原因。
採取全指標評價法和雙指標評價法對全國4493箇重要江河湖泊水功能區的水質達標率進行評價。結果錶明,兩方法的評價結果存在著明顯的差異———全國重要水功能區水質達標率分彆為61.2%和49.6%,雙指標評價結果好于全指標評價結果。根據水功能區納汙能力和現狀汙染物入河量的關繫,對水功能區承載力進行分析。結果錶明,全國未超載的水功能區有2907箇(佔64.7%),而另外35.3%的超載水功能區以25%左右的納汙能力接納瞭60%以上的汙染物入河量,錶明功能區超載而水質達標的問題普遍存在,原因是納汙能力計算標準偏嚴格而導緻。同時還大量存在功能區不超載但水質不達標的情況,這主要有汙染物的質量濃度揹景值高、受到上遊功能區汙染物超標入河量的影響,以及對農業麵源汙染入河量暫無法全麵測量等原因。
채취전지표평개법화쌍지표평개법대전국4493개중요강하호박수공능구적수질체표솔진행평개。결과표명,량방법적평개결과존재착명현적차이———전국중요수공능구수질체표솔분별위61.2%화49.6%,쌍지표평개결과호우전지표평개결과。근거수공능구납오능력화현상오염물입하량적관계,대수공능구승재력진행분석。결과표명,전국미초재적수공능구유2907개(점64.7%),이령외35.3%적초재수공능구이25%좌우적납오능력접납료60%이상적오염물입하량,표명공능구초재이수질체표적문제보편존재,원인시납오능력계산표준편엄격이도치。동시환대량존재공능구불초재단수질불체표적정황,저주요유오염물적질량농도배경치고、수도상유공능구오염물초표입하량적영향,이급대농업면원오염입하량잠무법전면측량등원인。
Whole index evaluation method and double index evaluation method were applied to evaluate the water quality compliance rates of 4493 national water function zones in China.The results show that there are clear differences between the two evaluation methods, with 61.2% and 49.6% water quality compliance rate respectively.The evaluation result of double index evaluation method is better than that of whole index evaluation method .According to the relationship between the pollution capacity of water function zone and measured amount of pollutants into rivers, the bearing capacity of water function zones were analyzed.The results show that 2907 water function zones are not overloaded with the rate of 64.7%, while the other 35.3% of the national water function zones has taken more than 60% of the total amount of pollutants within 25% of the total amount of pollution capacity, showing that pollution has been overloaded but water quality reach the standards in some water function zones.It can be explained as the calculation standard of pollutant carrying capacity tends to be strict.In the meantime, there is another kind of problem that pollution has not been overloaded but water quality is not up to the standard, which can be explained as the high value of the background pollutants, affected by pollutants exceeding the standard into rivers of upstream function area, and lacking of complete measurement of agricultural non-point source pollution for the time being.