CAJ | 학술논문

为探究孕穗期冷水灌溉下粳稻籽粒灌浆过程中的干物质、氮素形成积累规律及氮代谢关键酶调控效应，以东农428和松粳10为材料，设置6个冷水灌溉持续时间(0、3、6、9、12和15 d)，分析孕穗期冷水灌溉对寒地粳稻籽粒灌浆过程中的干物质、氮素积累及氮代谢关键酶活性的影响。结果表明，与对照相比，孕穗期冷水灌溉下，寒地粳稻产量及籽粒干物质积累量的变化规律一致，冷水灌溉持续时间越长，产量及籽粒干物质积累量降幅越大。冷水灌溉下，寒地粳稻籽粒干物质积累量降低，除与籽粒干物质最大相对积累速率降低有关外，还与结实率降低、有效穗数和每穗总粒数减少有关。冷水灌溉可提高寒地粳稻籽粒全氮、蛋白氮、成熟期籽粒粗蛋白含量及灌浆前期籽粒谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性。冷水灌溉6 d 可显著提高籽粒谷草转氨酶(GOT)及谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性，冷水灌溉9~15 d 可显著降低其活性。短期冷水灌溉下(3~6 d)，寒地粳稻通过增强有机氮同化过程，促进蛋白质合成，使籽粒氮素含量增加；长期冷水灌溉下(9~15 d)，籽粒有机氮同化过程受到抑制，影响氨基酸和蛋白质的合成，最终导致籽粒氮素增幅下降。籽粒全氮、蛋白氮和淀粉颗粒态结合蛋白是不同耐冷性品种响应冷水胁迫的差异产物，其含量可作为耐冷性鉴定的指标。
위탐구잉수기랭수관개하갱도자립관장과정중적간물질、담소형성적루규률급담대사관건매조공효응，이동농428화송갱10위재료，설치6개랭수관개지속시간(0、3、6、9、12화15 d)，분석잉수기랭수관개대한지갱도자립관장과정중적간물질、담소적루급담대사관건매활성적영향。결과표명，여대조상비，잉수기랭수관개하，한지갱도산량급자립간물질적루량적변화규률일치，랭수관개지속시간월장，산량급자립간물질적루량강폭월대。랭수관개하，한지갱도자립간물질적루량강저，제여자립간물질최대상대적루속솔강저유관외，환여결실솔강저、유효수수화매수총립수감소유관。랭수관개가제고한지갱도자립전담、단백담、성숙기자립조단백함량급관장전기자립곡안선알합성매(GS)활성。랭수관개6 d 가현저제고자립곡초전안매(GOT)급곡병전안매(GPT)활성，랭수관개9~15 d 가현저강저기활성。단기랭수관개하(3~6 d)，한지갱도통과증강유궤담동화과정，촉진단백질합성，사자립담소함량증가；장기랭수관개하(9~15 d)，자립유궤담동화과정수도억제，영향안기산화단백질적합성，최종도치자립담소증폭하강。자립전담、단백담화정분과립태결합단백시불동내랭성품충향응랭수협박적차이산물，기함량가작위내랭성감정적지표。
In order to understand how cold-water irrigation at booting stage affects the dry matter and nitrogen accumulation of grain in rice in cold-region,two japonica rice (Dongnong 428 and Songjing 10)were subjected to cold water irrigation for 6 varying length of time (0,3,6,9,12 and 1 5 d)at booting stage.The dry matter,nitrogen accumulation and enzyme activities involved in nitrogen metabolism of grain were measured,respectively.The results showed that grain dry matter accumulation and yield in rice in cold-region followed a similar trend,and decreased under cold-water irrigation at booting stage with increasing cold-water irrigation days compared with the control.Due to the decreased maximum accumulation rate,seed setting rate,productive panicle number,grain number per panicle,grain dry matter accumulation decreased.The total nitrogen,protein nitrogen of grain,protein content of mature grain,and glutamine synthetase activity at early grain filling stage increased under cold-water irrigation.The gutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activities in grain significantly increased under 6 d of cold-water irrigation,whereas significantly decreased under 9-1 5 d of cold-water irrigation.The increase in total and protein nitrogen contents was due to the enhancement of grain nitrogen assimilation and protein synthesis ability under short term (3 - 6 d)cold-water irrigation,however,the process of nitrogen assimilation was inhibited,affecting the synthesis of protein and amino acid,eventually leading to a reduction in the growth rate of grain nitrogen content under long term(9 - 1 5 d)cold-water irrigation.Given grain total nitrogen,protein nitrogen and granule starch protein content varied with cold-water treatment duration and cultivar,they can be used as comprehensive evaluation indicators for cold resistance.