中国心理卫生杂志
中國心理衛生雜誌
중국심리위생잡지
CHINESE MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL
2015年
5期
389-394
,共6页
创业失败%内隐污名%内隐联想测验%内隐效应
創業失敗%內隱汙名%內隱聯想測驗%內隱效應
창업실패%내은오명%내은련상측험%내은효응
entrepreneurial failure%implicit stigma%implicit association test%implicit effect
目的：创业失败是指创业绩效持续降低直至企业倒闭的过程，本研究试图分析大学生对于创业失败是否具有显著的内隐污名效应。方法：以一个班的64名大学生为被试，运用传统的内隐联想测验（IAT）法计算创业失败内隐污名的总D值和3个维度（认知评价、情感反应和行为倾向）上的D值；采用独立样本t检验，以0为标准，分析被试在总D值和3个维度D值上的差异，分析4个D值是否在性别和有无创业经历上存在差异；采用配对样本t检验，分析被试在相容和不相容两类任务上的反应时差异；通过相关分析，检验大学生创业失败内隐污名联想测验工具的可靠性。结果：大学生创业失败内隐污名的总D值以及认知评价、情感反应和行为倾向3个D值均数都大于0；被试在相容任务上的反应时均低于不相容任务（均P＜0.001）；创业失败内隐污名测量工具的分半信度和内在一致性系数分别为0.87和0.82。结论：本样本大学生对于创业失败具有内隐污名效应，即在内隐层面上对于创业失败者存在负面认知，伴有明显的消极情感体验，并表现出歧视行为倾向。
目的：創業失敗是指創業績效持續降低直至企業倒閉的過程，本研究試圖分析大學生對于創業失敗是否具有顯著的內隱汙名效應。方法：以一箇班的64名大學生為被試，運用傳統的內隱聯想測驗（IAT）法計算創業失敗內隱汙名的總D值和3箇維度（認知評價、情感反應和行為傾嚮）上的D值；採用獨立樣本t檢驗，以0為標準，分析被試在總D值和3箇維度D值上的差異，分析4箇D值是否在性彆和有無創業經歷上存在差異；採用配對樣本t檢驗，分析被試在相容和不相容兩類任務上的反應時差異；通過相關分析，檢驗大學生創業失敗內隱汙名聯想測驗工具的可靠性。結果：大學生創業失敗內隱汙名的總D值以及認知評價、情感反應和行為傾嚮3箇D值均數都大于0；被試在相容任務上的反應時均低于不相容任務（均P＜0.001）；創業失敗內隱汙名測量工具的分半信度和內在一緻性繫數分彆為0.87和0.82。結論：本樣本大學生對于創業失敗具有內隱汙名效應，即在內隱層麵上對于創業失敗者存在負麵認知，伴有明顯的消極情感體驗，併錶現齣歧視行為傾嚮。
목적：창업실패시지창업적효지속강저직지기업도폐적과정，본연구시도분석대학생대우창업실패시부구유현저적내은오명효응。방법：이일개반적64명대학생위피시，운용전통적내은련상측험（IAT）법계산창업실패내은오명적총D치화3개유도（인지평개、정감반응화행위경향）상적D치；채용독립양본t검험，이0위표준，분석피시재총D치화3개유도D치상적차이，분석4개D치시부재성별화유무창업경력상존재차이；채용배대양본t검험，분석피시재상용화불상용량류임무상적반응시차이；통과상관분석，검험대학생창업실패내은오명련상측험공구적가고성。결과：대학생창업실패내은오명적총D치이급인지평개、정감반응화행위경향3개D치균수도대우0；피시재상용임무상적반응시균저우불상용임무（균P＜0.001）；창업실패내은오명측량공구적분반신도화내재일치성계수분별위0.87화0.82。결론：본양본대학생대우창업실패구유내은오명효응，즉재내은층면상대우창업실패자존재부면인지，반유명현적소겁정감체험，병표현출기시행위경향。
Objective:Entrepreneurial failure refers to the process of entrepreneurial performance continuous decline until the business is bankrupt. The aim of this research is to analyze implicit stigma effect against entrepre-neurial failure in college students. Methods:Sixty-four college students in a natural class participated in this survey, 4 D values of the total tool of entrepreneurial failure implicit stigma and its three dimensions (including cognitive appraisal,emotional reaction,and behavior tendency)were assessed with the traditional implicit association test (IAT). Through independent sample t test,the differences between zero and 4 D values were analyzed. The differ-ences of four D values at gender and entrepreneurial experienceon were explored,the difference between reaction time of the compatibility task and incompatibility task was analyzed,and the reliability of the tool of implicit stigma effect against entrepreneurial failure was evaluated. Results:The 4 D values were all greater than zero. In 3 inde-pendent dimensions and total IATs,the automatic association between entrepreneurial failure and negative words was closer relative to positive words (P<0. 001 ),it showed that their implicit negative attitude against entrepre-neurial failure was significant. Split-halfreliability and internal consistency coefficient of the total tool of entrepre-neurial failure implicit stigma were respectively 0. 87 and 0. 82. Conclusion:In this study,the entrepreneurial failure implicit stigma effect may be significant in college students. These college studeuts have implicit negative cognition and emotion,and discrimination behavior tendency against entrepreneurial failure.
