CAJ | 학술논문

理性选择理论在政治学领域占有极其重要的地位。它建立在“经济人”假设基础之上，视社会个体为惟一真实的研究对象和分析单位，将政治行为等同于经济学意义上交换活动，这三者一并构成了理性选择理论形式优美、逻辑严谨的方法论体系———方法论个体主义、“经济人”假设和经济学交换范式。然而，理性选择理论的优势与成功却遮掩不了其方法论自身的局限性———方法论个体主义孤立地将个人作为基本分析单位，忽视了社会结构、社会规范与意识形态对个体的影响与形构；“经济人”假设将政治参与者的属性简单地给予预设，不能看清楚“政治人”的全面属性；经济学交换范式将政治活动简单地类比为经济交换活动，忽视了政治活动的复杂性。理性选择理论若要更有效地解释政治现象和研究政治问题，需要正视和克服局限，对方法论个体主义、“经济人”假设和经济学交换范式作出修正与改进。
이성선택이론재정치학영역점유겁기중요적지위。타건립재“경제인”가설기출지상，시사회개체위유일진실적연구대상화분석단위，장정치행위등동우경제학의의상교환활동，저삼자일병구성료이성선택이론형식우미、라집엄근적방법론체계———방법론개체주의、“경제인”가설화경제학교환범식。연이，이성선택이론적우세여성공각차엄불료기방법론자신적국한성———방법론개체주의고입지장개인작위기본분석단위，홀시료사회결구、사회규범여의식형태대개체적영향여형구；“경제인”가설장정치삼여자적속성간단지급여예설，불능간청초“정치인”적전면속성；경제학교환범식장정치활동간단지류비위경제교환활동，홀시료정치활동적복잡성。이성선택이론약요경유효지해석정치현상화연구정치문제，수요정시화극복국한，대방법론개체주의、“경제인”가설화경제학교환범식작출수정여개진。
The rational choice theory is of very importance in political science. It builds on the basis of the "economic man" hypothesis, regards the social individual as the only true study object and analysis unit, and considers the political act as the strict economic exchange activities, which together constitute a beauty forms and rigorous logic methodology system for the rational choice school--methodological individualism, "economic man" hypothesis and economics exchange, and lead the rational choice school move towards the real sacred temple of modern science. However, the advantages which belong to the political science' methodology of the rational choice school could not cover up the limitations of its methodology:Methodological individualism takes the individual as the basic unit of analysis isolated, and neglects the social structure, social norm and ideology's influence on individual and formation; the "economic man" hypothesis simply presupposes political participants'attributes,and cannot see "the nature of the political person"; economic exchange paradigm simply draws an analogy between political activity and economic exchange activities, and neglects the complexity of political activity. In order to explain the political issues and research the political phenomenon more effectively , the rational choice theory need to face and overcome the limitation, the methodological individualism, "economic man" hypothesis and economics exchange paradigm to make corrections and improvements.