生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2015年
4期
700-707
,共8页
谭建波%陈兴%郭先华%李元%祖艳群
譚建波%陳興%郭先華%李元%祖豔群
담건파%진흥%곽선화%리원%조염군
玉米%续断菊%间作%Cd%Pb%土壤修复
玉米%續斷菊%間作%Cd%Pb%土壤脩複
옥미%속단국%간작%Cd%Pb%토양수복
Maize%Sonchus asper L. Hill%intercropping%Cd%Pb%soil remediation
采用植物修复的方法对会泽铅锌矿周围受Cd、Pb污染的农用地进行修复，将超富集植物续断菊和农作物玉米在污染农用地间作种植，以减少农用地重金属含量，并获得合格的农产品。通过田间小区直接种植的方式，测定植物生物量及各器官重金属含量，研究续断菊（Sonchus asper L.Hill）与玉米（Zea maysL.）间作系统植物不同器官Cd、Pb分配特征。结果表明，（1）间作续断菊生物量相比单作增加了31.55%，间作玉米生物量相比单作增加了29.02%。（2）从拔节期到成熟期，间、单作玉米各器官Cd质量分数呈下降趋势。成熟期与拔节期相比，间作玉米根、茎、叶Cd质量分数分别降低了24.51%、29.06%、55.32%，单作玉米根、茎、叶 Cd 质量分数分别降低了22.05%、7.20%、45.02%。在不同时期，间作玉米根、叶Cd质量分数都低于单作玉米根、叶Cd质量分数。根部Cd质量分数在抽穗期和成熟期差异显著；叶部Cd质量分数在成熟期差异性显著；茎部Cd质量分数在抽穗期和成熟期呈现出单作大于间作，在成熟期差异显著。玉米各部位Pb质量分数呈现出先增加后下降趋势，且成熟期根、茎 Pb 质量分数小于拔节期，而该期叶 Pb 质量分数则大于拔节期。不同时期，间作玉米根、叶Pb质量分数小于单作玉米根、叶，根在抽穗期和成熟期Pb质量分数差异性显著；间作玉米籽粒Cd、Pb质量分数显著小于单作。（3）续断菊根部及地上部Cd质量分数随时间推移而呈现逐渐增加趋势，间作续断菊根部及地上部Cd质量分数分别增加16.88、15.45 mg·kg-1，单作续断菊根部及地上部Cd质量分数分别增加5.5、10.09 mg·kg-1，间作续断菊地上部Cd质量分数显著大于单作，间作根部大于单作根部，在抽穗期和成熟期出现显著差异。（4）间作、单作种植模式下土壤Cd、Pb 质量分数均有下降，土壤 Cd 质量分数在间作模式下降25.99%，单作续断菊模式下降23.19%，单作玉米模式下降14.78%；土壤Pb质量分数在间作模式下降6.78%，单作续断菊模式下降7.53%，单作玉米模式下降7.23%。结果表明，续断菊和玉米间作促进了续断菊各部位对镉的积累量，同时抑制了玉米各部位镉的积累量。
採用植物脩複的方法對會澤鉛鋅礦週圍受Cd、Pb汙染的農用地進行脩複，將超富集植物續斷菊和農作物玉米在汙染農用地間作種植，以減少農用地重金屬含量，併穫得閤格的農產品。通過田間小區直接種植的方式，測定植物生物量及各器官重金屬含量，研究續斷菊（Sonchus asper L.Hill）與玉米（Zea maysL.）間作繫統植物不同器官Cd、Pb分配特徵。結果錶明，（1）間作續斷菊生物量相比單作增加瞭31.55%，間作玉米生物量相比單作增加瞭29.02%。（2）從拔節期到成熟期，間、單作玉米各器官Cd質量分數呈下降趨勢。成熟期與拔節期相比，間作玉米根、莖、葉Cd質量分數分彆降低瞭24.51%、29.06%、55.32%，單作玉米根、莖、葉 Cd 質量分數分彆降低瞭22.05%、7.20%、45.02%。在不同時期，間作玉米根、葉Cd質量分數都低于單作玉米根、葉Cd質量分數。根部Cd質量分數在抽穗期和成熟期差異顯著；葉部Cd質量分數在成熟期差異性顯著；莖部Cd質量分數在抽穗期和成熟期呈現齣單作大于間作，在成熟期差異顯著。玉米各部位Pb質量分數呈現齣先增加後下降趨勢，且成熟期根、莖 Pb 質量分數小于拔節期，而該期葉 Pb 質量分數則大于拔節期。不同時期，間作玉米根、葉Pb質量分數小于單作玉米根、葉，根在抽穗期和成熟期Pb質量分數差異性顯著；間作玉米籽粒Cd、Pb質量分數顯著小于單作。（3）續斷菊根部及地上部Cd質量分數隨時間推移而呈現逐漸增加趨勢，間作續斷菊根部及地上部Cd質量分數分彆增加16.88、15.45 mg·kg-1，單作續斷菊根部及地上部Cd質量分數分彆增加5.5、10.09 mg·kg-1，間作續斷菊地上部Cd質量分數顯著大于單作，間作根部大于單作根部，在抽穗期和成熟期齣現顯著差異。（4）間作、單作種植模式下土壤Cd、Pb 質量分數均有下降，土壤 Cd 質量分數在間作模式下降25.99%，單作續斷菊模式下降23.19%，單作玉米模式下降14.78%；土壤Pb質量分數在間作模式下降6.78%，單作續斷菊模式下降7.53%，單作玉米模式下降7.23%。結果錶明，續斷菊和玉米間作促進瞭續斷菊各部位對鎘的積纍量，同時抑製瞭玉米各部位鎘的積纍量。
채용식물수복적방법대회택연자광주위수Cd、Pb오염적농용지진행수복，장초부집식물속단국화농작물옥미재오염농용지간작충식，이감소농용지중금속함량，병획득합격적농산품。통과전간소구직접충식적방식，측정식물생물량급각기관중금속함량，연구속단국（Sonchus asper L.Hill）여옥미（Zea maysL.）간작계통식물불동기관Cd、Pb분배특정。결과표명，（1）간작속단국생물량상비단작증가료31.55%，간작옥미생물량상비단작증가료29.02%。（2）종발절기도성숙기，간、단작옥미각기관Cd질량분수정하강추세。성숙기여발절기상비，간작옥미근、경、협Cd질량분수분별강저료24.51%、29.06%、55.32%，단작옥미근、경、협 Cd 질량분수분별강저료22.05%、7.20%、45.02%。재불동시기，간작옥미근、협Cd질량분수도저우단작옥미근、협Cd질량분수。근부Cd질량분수재추수기화성숙기차이현저；협부Cd질량분수재성숙기차이성현저；경부Cd질량분수재추수기화성숙기정현출단작대우간작，재성숙기차이현저。옥미각부위Pb질량분수정현출선증가후하강추세，차성숙기근、경 Pb 질량분수소우발절기，이해기협 Pb 질량분수칙대우발절기。불동시기，간작옥미근、협Pb질량분수소우단작옥미근、협，근재추수기화성숙기Pb질량분수차이성현저；간작옥미자립Cd、Pb질량분수현저소우단작。（3）속단국근부급지상부Cd질량분수수시간추이이정현축점증가추세，간작속단국근부급지상부Cd질량분수분별증가16.88、15.45 mg·kg-1，단작속단국근부급지상부Cd질량분수분별증가5.5、10.09 mg·kg-1，간작속단국지상부Cd질량분수현저대우단작，간작근부대우단작근부，재추수기화성숙기출현현저차이。（4）간작、단작충식모식하토양Cd、Pb 질량분수균유하강，토양 Cd 질량분수재간작모식하강25.99%，단작속단국모식하강23.19%，단작옥미모식하강14.78%；토양Pb질량분수재간작모식하강6.78%，단작속단국모식하강7.53%，단작옥미모식하강7.23%。결과표명，속단국화옥미간작촉진료속단국각부위대력적적루량，동시억제료옥미각부위력적적루량。
This experiment was to use the method of phytoremediation to repair the polluted farmland by Cd and Pb around lead-zinc mine area in Huize. Hyperaccumulator compositae (Sonchus asper L.Hill) and maize (Zea maysL.) were intercropped in polluted farmland, expecting to not only reduce the heavy metal pollution in soil but also obtain qualified agricultural products. By field plot experiments , plant biomass and heavy metal contents in different organs were determined and we studied the plants on Pb, Cd distribution characteristics in different organs under intercropping system of maize and compositae. The results indicated that: (1) The biomass of intercropping compositae was increased by 31.55% than the monoculture and the biomass of intercropping maize was increased by 29.02% than the monoculture. (2) From jointing stage to maturity stage, the mass fraction of Cd in all organs of maize was decreased by monoculture or intercropping. The Cd mass fraction in roots, stems and leaves by intercropping maize was decreased by 24.51%,29.06%,55.32%. The Cd mass fraction in roots, stems and leaves by monoculture maize was decreased by 22.05%,7.20%,45.02%. In different periods, the Cd contents of roots and leaves by intercropping maize were lower than the monoculture. The Cd content of roots showed significant difference at heading stage and maturity stage. The Cd content of leaves was significant difference at maturity stage. The Cd content of stems at heading stage and maturity stage in monoculture was higher than the intercropping and had significant difference at maturity stage. The Pb mass fraction in all organs of maize increased firstly, and then decreased and the Pb mass fraction in roots and stems at maturity stage was lower than the jointing stage and the Pb mass fraction of leaves at the maturity stage was higher than the jointing stage. In different periods, the Pb contents of roots and leaves by intercropping maize were lower than the monoculture. The Pb content of roots at heading stage and maturity stage had significant difference. The Cd and Pb contents of maize grain were significantly lower than that of monoculture. (3) The Cd mass fraction of the compositae increased with the time passing and the Cd content of overground plant part by intercropping was significantly higher than the monoculture. At heading stage and maturity stage, the Cd content of roots by intercropping was significantly higher than the monoculture. The Cd mass fraction of roots and overground plant part by intercropping increased by 16.88, 15.45 mg·kg-1, respectively. The Cd mass fraction of roots and overground part under monoculture increased by 5.5, 10.09 mg·kg-1,respectively. (4) The Cd and Pb mass fraction in soil was decreased, both monoculture and intercropping. It decreased by 25.99% under intercropping. It decreased by 23.19% under monoculture compositae and 14.78% under monoculture maize. The Pb mass fraction in soil decreased by 6.78% under intercropping, and 7.53% under monoculture compositae and 7.23% under monoculture maize. The results showed that compositae and maize intercropping systems not only promoted Cd accumulation of all organs of compositae but also inhibited Cd accumulation of all organs of maize.
