CAJ | 학술논문

土壤侵蚀是中国南方多雨区面临的一个重大环境问题，研究不同降雨条件下红壤坡面的水动力特性，对于认识红壤侵蚀过程具有重要的意义。采用室内人工模拟降雨试验，研究了不同雨强（60、90、120、180、270 mm·h-1）和不同坡度（5°、10°、15°、20°、25°）条件下红壤坡面的侵蚀特征，分析测定了侵蚀过程中的流速、水深及单宽流量，探讨它们随雨强及坡度的变化规律。结果表明，相同雨强下沿程流速随着坡度增大而呈增大的趋势，坡度为20°的流速大于另外3种坡度（10°、15°和25°）的流速；随着雨强的增加，坡面流平均水深不断增大。不同雨强条件下，坡度为10°的坡面径流平均水深相对较大，而在中大雨强下，当坡度为20°和25°时平均水深均处于较低水平；在同一坡度下，坡面单宽流量随着雨强增大而增大，两者呈现较好的线性关系，决定系数均大于0.91；随着坡度的增加，单宽流量在10°和20°附近分别出现先增加后减少的变化趋势，坡度对单宽流量影响存在临界坡度，其变化值在10°附近。试验结果揭示了试验槽内红壤坡面侵蚀过程中雨强、坡度与水动力特性的关系。
토양침식시중국남방다우구면림적일개중대배경문제，연구불동강우조건하홍양파면적수동력특성，대우인식홍양침식과정구유중요적의의。채용실내인공모의강우시험，연구료불동우강（60、90、120、180、270 mm·h-1）화불동파도（5°、10°、15°、20°、25°）조건하홍양파면적침식특정，분석측정료침식과정중적류속、수심급단관류량，탐토타문수우강급파도적변화규률。결과표명，상동우강하연정류속수착파도증대이정증대적추세，파도위20°적류속대우령외3충파도（10°、15°화25°）적류속；수착우강적증가，파면류평균수심불단증대。불동우강조건하，파도위10°적파면경류평균수심상대교대，이재중대우강하，당파도위20°화25°시평균수심균처우교저수평；재동일파도하，파면단관류량수착우강증대이증대，량자정현교호적선성관계，결정계수균대우0.91；수착파도적증가，단관류량재10°화20°부근분별출현선증가후감소적변화추세，파도대단관류량영향존재림계파도，기변화치재10°부근。시험결과게시료시험조내홍양파면침식과정중우강、파도여수동력특성적관계。
Soil erosion is a critical environmental problem in south China. To investigate and understand erosion flow hydraulics could help to understand the erosion processes in this region. An simulated rainfall experiment was conducted to quantify the effects of rainfall intensity (60, 90, 120, 180, and 270 mm·h-1) and slope gradients (5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, and 25°) on flow velocity, flow depth and unit width discharge on runoff and soil erosion processes on red earth hillslopes. The results showed that in fixed rainfall intensity, the flow velocity increased along the slope length. The flow velocity occurring on the 20° slope was always higher than that on the other slopes (15°, 20°, and 25°). The average flow depth increased with the increase in rainfall intensity, and higher flow depth occurred on 10°, while lower flow depth occurred on 20° and 25° under the moderate and large rainfall intensity. In the same slope gradient, the unit width discharge significantly and linearly increased with increasing rainfall intensity, withr2>0.91. In addition, the unit width discharge at first increased and then decreased near 10° and 20°, respectively. The critical slope degree on effects of slope gradient on the unit width discharge and the value was near 10o. Results from this study expanded the understanding of the relationship among slope gradient, rainfall intensity, and erosion processes characteristics.