CAJ | 학술논문

以毛乌素沙地东南缘榆林市城北6 km的珍稀沙生植物保护基地为研究地点，通过对30个相同立地条件下10种不同造林密度（即10种森林类型，每种设3个重复）的樟子松（Pinus sylvesirisvar.mongolica）人工林标准地进行调查、林下枯落物和土壤持水能力的定量测定，比较并分析了造林密度对其林下枯落物和土壤持水性能的影响。这10种樟子松样地的编号及造林密度分别为PⅠ（900 plant·hm-2）、PⅡ（1200 plant·hm-2）、PⅢ（1500 plant·hm-2）、PⅣ（1800 plant·hm-2）、PⅤ（2200 plant·hm-2）、PⅥ（2500 plant·hm-2）、PⅦ（2800 plant·hm-2）、PⅧ（3000 plant·hm-2）、PⅨ（3300 plant·hm-2）和PⅩ(3600 plant·hm-2。结果表明，（1）各样地枯落物总量（TL）的排序依次为TLPⅢ=TLPⅣ>TLPⅩ>TLPⅧ>TLPⅨ>TLPⅥ>TLPⅦ>TLPⅤ>TLPⅡ>TLPⅠ；最大持水量的变动范围为2.46~8.23 t·hm-2；有效持水量在0.163~6.42 t·hm-2，PⅢ和PⅣ样地枯落物持水功能表现最好，PⅠ样地表现最差。（2）各林地林下土壤自然含水量、土壤容重和土壤最大持水量无显著差别，变动范围分别在8.94%~16.54%、1.10~1.66 g·cm-3和200.43~266.43 t·hm-2；土壤非毛管孔隙度差异较大，变动范围为0.99%~4.32%；PⅢ和PⅣ样地土壤持水功能表现最好，PⅠ样地表现最差。（3）利用幂函数分别对枯落物吸水速度与浸泡时间、枯落物持水量与浸水时间进行拟合，均有较高的拟合系数。各样地森林土壤的平均稳渗速率几乎没有差异，均在20 min左右稳定在0.11~0.89 mm·min-1。（4）研究发现， PⅢ和PⅣ样地枯落物和土壤持水能力最好，最佳造林密度是1500~1800 plant·hm-2。为防止林分衰退，应及时适当间伐。同时，该地区是否适合大面积大密度的樟子松人工造林，还有待进一步研究。
이모오소사지동남연유림시성북6 km적진희사생식물보호기지위연구지점，통과대30개상동입지조건하10충불동조림밀도（즉10충삼림류형，매충설3개중복）적장자송（Pinus sylvesirisvar.mongolica）인공림표준지진행조사、림하고락물화토양지수능력적정량측정，비교병분석료조림밀도대기림하고락물화토양지수성능적영향。저10충장자송양지적편호급조림밀도분별위PⅠ（900 plant·hm-2）、PⅡ（1200 plant·hm-2）、PⅢ（1500 plant·hm-2）、PⅣ（1800 plant·hm-2）、PⅤ（2200 plant·hm-2）、PⅥ（2500 plant·hm-2）、PⅦ（2800 plant·hm-2）、PⅧ（3000 plant·hm-2）、PⅨ（3300 plant·hm-2）화PⅩ(3600 plant·hm-2。결과표명，（1）각양지고락물총량（TL）적배서의차위TLPⅢ=TLPⅣ>TLPⅩ>TLPⅧ>TLPⅨ>TLPⅥ>TLPⅦ>TLPⅤ>TLPⅡ>TLPⅠ；최대지수량적변동범위위2.46~8.23 t·hm-2；유효지수량재0.163~6.42 t·hm-2，PⅢ화PⅣ양지고락물지수공능표현최호，PⅠ양지표현최차。（2）각임지림하토양자연함수량、토양용중화토양최대지수량무현저차별，변동범위분별재8.94%~16.54%、1.10~1.66 g·cm-3화200.43~266.43 t·hm-2；토양비모관공극도차이교대，변동범위위0.99%~4.32%；PⅢ화PⅣ양지토양지수공능표현최호，PⅠ양지표현최차。（3）이용멱함수분별대고락물흡수속도여침포시간、고락물지수량여침수시간진행의합，균유교고적의합계수。각양지삼림토양적평균은삼속솔궤호몰유차이，균재20 min좌우은정재0.11~0.89 mm·min-1。（4）연구발현， PⅢ화PⅣ양지고락물화토양지수능력최호，최가조림밀도시1500~1800 plant·hm-2。위방지림분쇠퇴，응급시괄당간벌。동시，해지구시부괄합대면적대밀도적장자송인공조림，환유대진일보연구。
A case study was conducted at the Rare Sand Plant Protection Base, about 6 km north from Yulin city, which lies in north of Shaanxi province and the southern edge of Mu Us Sandland, China. For the purpose of comparing and analyzing the effects of 10 different density plantations ofPinus sylvesirisvar. mongolica on the water-holding capacity of forest litter and soil, 30 standard plots of artificial forest with the same site conditions (10 types of forest×3 replications) were investigated and the water-holding capacity of litter and soil were determined quantitatively. The ten types of sample plots were recorded asPⅠ,PⅡ,PⅢ,PⅣ,PⅤ,PⅥ,PⅦ, PⅧ,PⅨ, andPⅩ, and the afforestation densities of Pinus sylvesirisvar. mongolicawere 900, 1200, 1500, 1800, 2200, 2500, 2800, 3000, 3300 and 3600 plant·hm-2 respectively. The results showed that, (1) The total capacity of litter (TL) among 10 forest types, generally followed by the sequence of forest densities, were TLPⅢ=TLPⅣ>TLPⅩ>TLPⅧ>TLPⅨ>TLPⅥ>TLPⅦ>TLPⅤ>TLPⅡ>TLPⅠ; the maximum water-holding capacity and effective water-holding capacity of litter, for 10 forest types, were 2.46~8.23 t·hm-2 and 0.163~6.420 t·hm-2 respectively. The water-holding functions of litter inPⅢ andPⅣplotswere the best and was the worst inPⅠplot among the ten types. (2) There were no significant differences in water content, bulk density and the maximum water-holding capacity of soil amongst these forest types, with the variation ranges of 8.94%~16.54%, 1.10~1.66 g·cm-3 and 200.43~266.43 t·hm-2, respectively. However, the non-pore porosity of soil among these 10 forest types varied greatly, with a variation range of 0.99%~4.32%. The water-holding functions of soil were the highest inPⅢ andPⅣplots, and the lowest in thePⅠplot. (3) Power function model can better indicate high correlation coefficients between the water absorption rate of litter and its immersion time, and also between the water-holding capacity of litter and its soaking time. The stable infiltration rates of soil in 10 different forest stands were consistent, while they varied greatly with a range of 0.11~0.89 mm·min-1 after 20 minutes. And (4) in this study, the water-holding capacity of forest litter and soil inPⅢ andPⅣplots were the best, and the optimal afforestation density was 1500 to 1800 plants per hectare. The results show that thinning should be done timely and appropriately in this study area to prevent the recession of forest stand. Besides, it is unapproachable whetherPinus sylvesirisvar. mongolica can be planted in large scale or in high density, and further research is needed.