CAJ | 학술논문

为研究水生植物释放的化感物质在生态水平上的有效作用模式，选择水生植物释放的壬酸、N-苯基-1-萘胺和咖啡酸等不同类型化感物质，比较高剂量单次暴露与低剂量多次暴露对铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）生长的影响，探讨化感物质不同投加频次、剂量和光暗条件等对多次暴露抑藻效果的影响。结果显示，3种化感物质以2 h为间隔、分5次、每次添加0.5 mg·L-1的方式暴露时均表现出比以总剂量2.5 mg·L-1单次暴露更强的抑藻效果，在实验的第7天壬酸、N-苯基-1-萘胺和咖啡酸的抑藻率是单次暴露组的1.8、1.1和1.6倍。以1 h间隔、10次暴露的壬酸和N-苯基-1-萘胺，抑制率随着单次添加量的减少而降低，但在单次暴露剂量低至0.1 mg·L-1时两种物质仍能显著抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长，第7天N-苯基-1-萘胺的平均生长抑制率仍可以达到50.25%。壬酸和N-苯基-1-萘胺在铜绿微囊藻生长的黑暗阶段多次暴露比在光照阶段的抑藻效果好，第3天的平均抑制率分别是是光照阶段的2.2和1.3倍。上述结果表明，水生植物释放的化感物质可以通过低剂量多次暴露实现比高剂量单次暴露更强的抑藻效果。因此，加强对化感物质多次暴露方式下抑藻作用的研究将推动自然环境中水生植物化感作用生态机制的进一步揭示，有利于指导水生植物化感作用的理论研究和实践应用。
위연구수생식물석방적화감물질재생태수평상적유효작용모식，선택수생식물석방적임산、N-분기-1-내알화가배산등불동류형화감물질，비교고제량단차폭로여저제량다차폭로대동록미낭조（Microcystis aeruginosa）생장적영향，탐토화감물질불동투가빈차、제량화광암조건등대다차폭로억조효과적영향。결과현시，3충화감물질이2 h위간격、분5차、매차첨가0.5 mg·L-1적방식폭로시균표현출비이총제량2.5 mg·L-1단차폭로경강적억조효과，재실험적제7천임산、N-분기-1-내알화가배산적억조솔시단차폭로조적1.8、1.1화1.6배。이1 h간격、10차폭로적임산화N-분기-1-내알，억제솔수착단차첨가량적감소이강저，단재단차폭로제량저지0.1 mg·L-1시량충물질잉능현저억제동록미낭조적생장，제7천N-분기-1-내알적평균생장억제솔잉가이체도50.25%。임산화N-분기-1-내알재동록미낭조생장적흑암계단다차폭로비재광조계단적억조효과호，제3천적평균억제솔분별시시광조계단적2.2화1.3배。상술결과표명，수생식물석방적화감물질가이통과저제량다차폭로실현비고제량단차폭로경강적억조효과。인차，가강대화감물질다차폭로방식하억조작용적연구장추동자연배경중수생식물화감작용생태궤제적진일보게시，유리우지도수생식물화감작용적이론연구화실천응용。
To explore the effective pathway of how the allelochemicals released by aquatic plants work at ecological levels, three typical allelochemicals including nonanoic acid, N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine and caffeic acid, from different chemical classes, were selected to compare their inhibition effects at high-dose single exposure and low-dose repeated exposure on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa. The influences of exposure frequency, dose and light conditions on the repeated exposure effect were examined. Stronger inhibition on cyanobacterial growth was observed in the low-dose (0.5 mg·L-1) repeated exposure (five times at 2 h interval) group than that in the high-dose (2.5 mg·L-1) single exposure group. The inhibition ratio of nonanoic acid, N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine and caffeic acid in the former group was 1.8, 1.1 and 1.6 times that of the latter group on the 7th day. When nonanoic acid and N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine were repeatedly exposed 10 times at 1h interval, the cyanobacterial growth inhibition ratio decreased with the reduction of single dose. However, the growth ofM.aeruginosa was significantly inhibited by the two allelochemicals when the single dose was as low as 0.1 mg·L-1, with an inhibition ratio up to 50.25% by N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine on the 7th day. The inhibition effects of nonanoic acid and N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine when repeatedly added under dark phase were stronger than that under light phase, the cyanobacterial growth inhibition ratio of the former group was 2.2 and 1.3 times that of the latter group on the 3rd day. All above results indicated that the allelochemicals released by aquatic plants could exert more effective inhibition on the growth ofM.aeruginosa by low-dose repeated exposure than high-dose single exposure. Hence, further study on the antialgal effects of plant allelochemicals through repeated exposure would be helpful for revealing allelopathy mechanism of aquatic plants in natural environments, and guiding their theoretical research and practical application.